<p>Emerging concern contaminants (ECC) in the environment pose serious risks to ecosystems and human health, requiring efficient and innovative treatment methods. The electrochemical advanced oxidation (EAOP) based electro-Fenton (EF) process has widely been used for ECC treatment because of its high mineralization rate and environmental compatibility. However, the EF process faces significant practical challenges, such as limited pH applicability, insufficient H₂O₂ production, and issues with sustainable electrode usage. To address these challenges, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process has emerged as a promising modern technology, offering high mineralization efficiency, broader pH adaptability, and lower secondary waste generation. This review explores recent advancements in HEF technology, focusing on novel catalyst developments, such as nanostructured and magnetic materials, to enhance Fe^2⁺ regeneration and hydrogen peroxide production. The study also focuses on the critical role of various controlling parameters of the HEF process, such as iron catalyst concentration, current intensity, solution pH, and electrical energy consumption. It also examines energy-efficient hybrid systems and microbial-electrochemical integrations that lower energy demands while improving performance. Furthermore, advances in reactor design, cathode materials, and oxygen reduction mechanisms are discussed for their potential to improve scalability and practical applications. By synthesizing these advancements and highlighting future directions, this review provides a valuable resource for advancing HEF technology as a sustainable and effective method for ECC treatment.</p>