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<p>This work introduces the formulation of Ultra-High Performance Geopolymer Concrete (UHPGC) that achieves a compressive strength of up to 148&#xa0;MPa by incorporating Copper slag (CS) as a fine aggregate. The mechanical properties were considerably enhanced by the substitution of CS for natural sand at 100% replacement, resulting in a 140% increase in strength. However, minor reductions in strength were observed beyond 80% CS due to excessive pore refinement. The addition of 1% micro-steel fibers (MSF) produced a 15–17% increase in compressive strength, whereas 2% MSF resulted in a 30–35% improvement. Tensile strength was enhanced with CS substitution, and 1% MSF augmented tensile strength by approximately 30%, while elevated MSF concentrations (2%) resulted in fiber aggregation phenomena. The modulus of rupture (MOR) significantly increased to 15.3&#xa0;MPa at 100% CS and 2% MSF, with MSF having a more significant impact on flexural strength than compressive or tensile characteristics. The addition of up to 50% CS resulted in a decrease in water absorption, porosity, and sorptivity, thereby enhancing penetration resistance. The production of a denser geopolymer gel and an enhanced Si/Al ratio (≥ 2.0) was confirmed by SEM-EDX examination. The experimental investigation and life cycle assessment underscore the potential of CS as a viable alternative to natural sand in UHPGC.</p>

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Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Waste Copper Slag in Developing Ternary Binder-based Ultra-High Performance Geopolymer Concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月23日

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  • Sathyanarayanan Muthukrishnan,
  • Brindha Dharmar

摘要

This work introduces the formulation of Ultra-High Performance Geopolymer Concrete (UHPGC) that achieves a compressive strength of up to 148 MPa by incorporating Copper slag (CS) as a fine aggregate. The mechanical properties were considerably enhanced by the substitution of CS for natural sand at 100% replacement, resulting in a 140% increase in strength. However, minor reductions in strength were observed beyond 80% CS due to excessive pore refinement. The addition of 1% micro-steel fibers (MSF) produced a 15–17% increase in compressive strength, whereas 2% MSF resulted in a 30–35% improvement. Tensile strength was enhanced with CS substitution, and 1% MSF augmented tensile strength by approximately 30%, while elevated MSF concentrations (2%) resulted in fiber aggregation phenomena. The modulus of rupture (MOR) significantly increased to 15.3 MPa at 100% CS and 2% MSF, with MSF having a more significant impact on flexural strength than compressive or tensile characteristics. The addition of up to 50% CS resulted in a decrease in water absorption, porosity, and sorptivity, thereby enhancing penetration resistance. The production of a denser geopolymer gel and an enhanced Si/Al ratio (≥ 2.0) was confirmed by SEM-EDX examination. The experimental investigation and life cycle assessment underscore the potential of CS as a viable alternative to natural sand in UHPGC.