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<p>Agricultural waste, generated in massive quantities each year, poses environmental challenges and offers an opportunity to enhance eco-friendly practices in construction. The current study aimed to address the concerns of minimizing agricultural waste and reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional cement production, including shortage in resources and carbon emissions. Thus, the feasibility of incorporating nano date pits and nano sunflower seed shells as sustainable additive materials in cement mortar were investigated. Three different nanomaterials content were used: (1, 3, and 5%), these nano additives were added into mortar mixtures to assess their influence on fresh and hardened characteristics, as well as on the microstructure. Fresh density and flowability were used as a measure to evaluate workability, while hardened properties such as density and compressive strength were utilized to evaluate the structural integrity. Microstructural analyses were also conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results revealed that nano sunflower seed shells decreased flowability by 8–42%, while nano date pits had a lower impact, with reductions from 4 to 25%. Fresh density decreased with the increasing of nanomaterial content, particularly with the sunflower seed shells due to their lighter weight and higher porosity. For hardened characteristics, dry density dropped by approximately 20% in sunflower seed shell mixtures, while date pit mixtures density was reduced gradually, supporting the development of lightweight mortars. Furthermore, the mixture with 1% nano date pits has enhanced compressive strength by up to 22% at 28&#xa0;days, attributed to the pozzolanic activity of nano date pits that refined the microstructure. SEM and XRD analyses revealed considerable interactions between the nano additives and the cement matrix. Furthermore, these analyses showed dense hydration products and enhanced contact zones between cement and aggregates, promoting structural integrity. The current study findings assure the potential of nano agricultural waste materials to improve sustainable mortar formulations, offering lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional cement-based mortars.</p>

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Compared Effect of Nano Date Pits and Nano Sunflower Seed Shells on Properties of Green Cement Mortar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月20日

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  • Nahla Hilal,
  • Ahmed A. Alani,
  • Meyyada Y. Alabdulhady,
  • Zouaoui R. Harrat,
  • Faisal G. AL-Maqate

摘要

Agricultural waste, generated in massive quantities each year, poses environmental challenges and offers an opportunity to enhance eco-friendly practices in construction. The current study aimed to address the concerns of minimizing agricultural waste and reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional cement production, including shortage in resources and carbon emissions. Thus, the feasibility of incorporating nano date pits and nano sunflower seed shells as sustainable additive materials in cement mortar were investigated. Three different nanomaterials content were used: (1, 3, and 5%), these nano additives were added into mortar mixtures to assess their influence on fresh and hardened characteristics, as well as on the microstructure. Fresh density and flowability were used as a measure to evaluate workability, while hardened properties such as density and compressive strength were utilized to evaluate the structural integrity. Microstructural analyses were also conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results revealed that nano sunflower seed shells decreased flowability by 8–42%, while nano date pits had a lower impact, with reductions from 4 to 25%. Fresh density decreased with the increasing of nanomaterial content, particularly with the sunflower seed shells due to their lighter weight and higher porosity. For hardened characteristics, dry density dropped by approximately 20% in sunflower seed shell mixtures, while date pit mixtures density was reduced gradually, supporting the development of lightweight mortars. Furthermore, the mixture with 1% nano date pits has enhanced compressive strength by up to 22% at 28 days, attributed to the pozzolanic activity of nano date pits that refined the microstructure. SEM and XRD analyses revealed considerable interactions between the nano additives and the cement matrix. Furthermore, these analyses showed dense hydration products and enhanced contact zones between cement and aggregates, promoting structural integrity. The current study findings assure the potential of nano agricultural waste materials to improve sustainable mortar formulations, offering lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional cement-based mortars.