A Review of Interlocking Earth Block: Material Modification, Block Structural System, and Seismic Performance

Earth blocks have long been a preferred construction material in rural regions worldwide. There is a growing awareness and need to develop sustainable and environmentally sound alternatives to traditional building materials. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the interlocking earth block system, a promising approach to green building. Initially, the review delves into the modification of earth’s soil through physical processes; this includes incorporating specific ratios of binders to enhance the integrity of earth blocks and integrating industrial waste, fibers, and eco-friendly additives. These amendments aim to improve the soil’s workability, strength, and resistance to environmental factors. The paper explores a variety of innovative structural systems that have been proposed in recent years and highlights different systems. Each system represents a unique solution to the challenges of traditional masonry, offering improved structural stability and ease of construction. Drawing on the diversity of these systems, the paper proposes a new type of eco-friendly, mortarless interlocking earth block. This innovation is essential for locations with a high demand for earth block masonry systems, notably earthquake active areas. Given the critical requirement for safe and resilient construction in such areas, the paper investigates the seismic performance of interlocking masonry systems, emphasizing the importance of seismic experiments in determining the safety and reliability of these systems. Ultimately, the paper concludes by reflecting on the current gaps in research and identifying areas for future study, emphasizing the importance of continued innovation in sustainable construction materials and the need for rigorous testing to ensure their performance meets the demands of modern building standards. This review serves as a call to action for the construction industry to adopt environmentally friendly materials and techniques that are durable, sustainable, and safe for communities around the world.