<p>The most important coal basins of Iran are located in the Tabas region, Central Iran. These include Parvadeh-Nayband, with Triassic bituminous coals, and Mazino-Abdooghi, containing Jurassic semi-anthracite. Coals from the two coalfields were investigated to determine the sedimentary environment of the coals. Petrographic observation indicates that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in all samples, with a minor presence of inertinite. Vitrinite reflectance (VRr) of coals from Parvadeh and Mazino is in the range of 1.17–1.37% and 2.08–2.29%, respectively. XRD data indicates that the major phases are sulfide minerals (mainly pyrite), clay minerals (illite and kaolinite), oxide minerals (quartz and hematite), silicate mineral (microcline), and carbonate minerals (mainly dolomite) with Calcite, ankerite and anorthite as minor phases Coal ash enrichment in Si, Al, K, Ti, and Na is due to element-mineral associations within the coal. Compared to Clarke values for coals, samples from Parvadeh and Mazino are enriched in Ag, As, Co, Cs, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Mo, and Zn. Most elements exhibit non-coalphilic to moderately coalphilic behaviors, associating primarily with mineral matter. Exceptions include Li and Mo, which display high coalphile indices and a preference for organic matter. The contents of major elements (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, and Na₂O), trace elements (S, V, Ni, Cr, Sr, Ba, Cu, Rb, Ga), and their ratios indicate that the studied coals formed in a warm, humid climate with low to moderate weathering, under suboxic to anoxic conditions with marine influence, and were deposited in an oceanic island arc or active continental margin.</p>