<p>The sol-gel method is an effective technique for preparing hybrid thin films of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide (TiO₂/ZnO), due to its ability to precisely control the chemical composition and nanostructure of the material. The process begins by dissolving the chemical precursors of both TiO₂ and ZnO in a liquid medium (such as ethanol or water), where titanium isopropoxide is typically used as the precursor for TiO₂ and zinc acetate for ZnO. Complexing agents (such as acetic acid) are added to regulate the hydrolysis and condensation reactions, resulting in the formation of a homogeneous colloidal solution (sol). Absorbance test showed red shift upon iron immunization and expansion of the absorption area. When iron chloride (FeCl₃) is added as a doping agent, iron ions (Fe³⁺) react with the precursors during the catalytic process. X-ray examinations also showed that the compound is polycrystalline, and obtained the lowest value for crystal size when doping with iron at the first concentration, which leads to an increase in the surface area. AFM analysis reveals that the TiO₂/ZnO surface structure is shaped by a complex interaction between doping, preparation conditions, and heat treatment. The improved roughness and homogeneous particle distribution are key to superior performance in optical and electrochemical applications. TiO₂/ZnO hybrid membranes introduce a revolutionary concept in wettability engineering by integrating optical, chemical, and morphological properties. Their ability to intelligently switch between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states under photocatalysis, along with high durability, makes them next-generation materials for sustainability and artificial intelligence applications. This innovation is not just a technical improvement; it represents a paradigm shift toward harnessing solar energy to dynamically transform material properties. The best result was obtained when vaccinating with the lowest percentage of Fe.</p>