<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="312" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_3(z,f)= (3/4)z+(3/10)a_2z^2+(1/20)a_3z^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="417" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)=z+(2/(2+\alpha ))a_2z^2+(2/[(2+\alpha )(1+\alpha )])a_3z^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>σ</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the cubic polynomials representing, respectively, the 3rd de la Vall<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\acute{e}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover accent="true"> <mi>e</mi> <mo>´</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>e Poussin mean and the 3rd Ces<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\grave{a}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover accent="true"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>`</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>ro mean of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \; (\alpha \ge 0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of a normalized analytic function <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="164" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f(z) = z+\sum _{k=2}^{\infty } a_k z^k.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> If <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathscr {K}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the usual class of normalized convex univalent functions in the open unit disc <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the complex plane centered at the origin, we demonstrate that <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="145" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_3(z,f)\prec \sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≺</mo> <msubsup> <mi>σ</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {D}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f\in \mathscr {K}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and for all real numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3\le \alpha \le 19\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For all <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \ge 19,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>19</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we also identify a sharp real number (multiplier) <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma (\alpha )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="191" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma (\alpha )\cdot V_3(z,f)\prec \sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≺</mo> <msubsup> <mi>σ</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {D}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f\in \mathscr {K}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Here ‘<InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40995_2025_1794_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\prec\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>≺</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>’ denotes subordination between two analytic functions.</p>

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Subordination of Some Cubic Polynomials Associated with Convex Functions

  • Manju Yadav,
  • Sushma Gupta,
  • Sukhjit Singh

摘要

Let \(V_3(z,f)= (3/4)z+(3/10)a_2z^2+(1/20)a_3z^3\) V 3 ( z , f ) = ( 3 / 4 ) z + ( 3 / 10 ) a 2 z 2 + ( 1 / 20 ) a 3 z 3 and \(\sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)=z+(2/(2+\alpha ))a_2z^2+(2/[(2+\alpha )(1+\alpha )])a_3z^3\) σ 3 ( α ) ( z , f ) = z + ( 2 / ( 2 + α ) ) a 2 z 2 + ( 2 / [ ( 2 + α ) ( 1 + α ) ] ) a 3 z 3 be the cubic polynomials representing, respectively, the 3rd de la Vall \(\acute{e}\) e ´ e Poussin mean and the 3rd Ces \(\grave{a}\) a ` ro mean of order \(\alpha \; (\alpha \ge 0)\) α ( α 0 ) of a normalized analytic function \(f(z) = z+\sum _{k=2}^{\infty } a_k z^k.\) f ( z ) = z + k = 2 a k z k . If \(\mathscr {K}\) K denotes the usual class of normalized convex univalent functions in the open unit disc \({\mathbb {D}}\) D in the complex plane centered at the origin, we demonstrate that \(V_3(z,f)\prec \sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)\) V 3 ( z , f ) σ 3 ( α ) ( z , f ) in \(\mathbb {D}\) D for all \(f\in \mathscr {K}\) f K and for all real numbers \(\alpha\) α satisfying \(3\le \alpha \le 19\) 3 α 19 . For all \(\alpha \ge 19,\) α 19 , we also identify a sharp real number (multiplier) \(\gamma (\alpha )\) γ ( α ) such that \(\gamma (\alpha )\cdot V_3(z,f)\prec \sigma _3^{(\alpha )}(z,f)\) γ ( α ) · V 3 ( z , f ) σ 3 ( α ) ( z , f ) in \(\mathbb {D}\) D for all \(f\in \mathscr {K}.\) f K . Here ‘ \(\prec\) ’ denotes subordination between two analytic functions.