Non-enzymatic Amperometric Detection of Glucose on One-Pot Electrochemical Fabricated Pd Nanoparticles-Graphene Modified Electrodes

In this study, Pd nanoparticles–graphene (Pd–G) nanocomposites were fabricated on the surface of a nickel foam electrode using a simultaneous electrochemical co-deposition method. For this purpose, the electrochemical deposition occurred by applying a constant potential from the solution containing Pd²⁺ ions and graphite oxide under stirring conditions. This method is cheap, easy, and allows direct deposition of the nanostructures on the electrode surface in a single step. The structural and morphological characterizations of electrochemically fabricated Pd–G nanocomposites were performed by XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS techniques. The composite electrode was tested in non-enzymatic glucose sensing as a biosensor application. The electrocatalytic activity of Pd–G was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The detection limit and sensitivity were calculated as 0.081 µM (S/N = 3) and 6868.6 μA cm⁻² mM⁻¹ by using amperometry.