MH Loop and PE Loop Study for Ni Substitution in Perovskite Bismuth Ferrite

Perovskite phase bismuth ferrites substituted with nickel (BFNO) were fabricated using Sol Gel Method. The compositional formula being BiFe_1−xNi_xO₃ where x varies from 0.03 to 0.09 in steps of 0.02. The phase formation was assumed to be confirmed from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as no extra peak or impurity is observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) further confirmed the bond formation of Bi–O and Fe–O bond. MH loop was measured for all the samples and from the data, saturation magnetization and coercivity were studied. The saturation magnetization shows a maximum value for nickel concentration 0.07. PE loop analysis was also carried out, and the lowest in maximum polarization is found to be observed at nickel concentration 0.07. The above results obtained from the experiment was discussed based on the possible theoretical mechanism involved.