<p>For a given prime <i>p</i>, we determine the limit, as <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, of the density of residues modulo&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p^\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> attained by the Fibonacci sequence. In particular, we show that this limiting density is related to zeros in the sequence of Lucas numbers modulo <i>p</i>. The proof uses a piecewise interpolation of the Fibonacci sequence to the <i>p</i>-adic numbers and a characterization of Wall–Sun–Sun primes <i>p</i> in terms of the <i>p</i>-adic absolute value of a number related to the <i>p</i>-adic golden ratio.</p>

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Limiting density of the Fibonacci sequence modulo powers of a prime

  • Nicholas Bragman,
  • Eric Rowland

摘要

For a given prime p, we determine the limit, as \(\lambda \rightarrow \infty \) λ , of the density of residues modulo  \(p^\lambda \) p λ attained by the Fibonacci sequence. In particular, we show that this limiting density is related to zeros in the sequence of Lucas numbers modulo p. The proof uses a piecewise interpolation of the Fibonacci sequence to the p-adic numbers and a characterization of Wall–Sun–Sun primes p in terms of the p-adic absolute value of a number related to the p-adic golden ratio.