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<p>Jammu, the second-largest urban centre in Jammu and Kashmir after Srinagar, has experienced rapid urbanisation accompanied by significant spatial restructuring. Between 1921 and 2011, the city’s population increased from 31,506 to 576,198, while the level of urbanisation rose from 11% to 37.7% and is projected to reach 39.1% by 2031. During 2001–2011, the number of towns in Jammu district increased from 14 to 20, indicating emerging urban agglomeration processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of built-up expansion using multi-temporal remote sensing data integrated with spatial statistical techniques. The results show that the built-up area expanded more than threefold between 1985 and 2015, from 1968&#xa0;ha to 7469&#xa0;ha, primarily through peripheral growth and the conversion of agricultural land, vegetation and forest cover, and barren land. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analyses reveal increasing clustering and corridor-oriented concentration, indicating a structural transformation from relatively dispersed growth to core-intensified and spatially polarised urban development. The findings demonstrate that urban growth in Jammu is driven not only by demographic increase and rural in-migration but also by service-sector expansion, administrative centrality, infrastructure corridors, and governance constraints. By linking demographic transition with spatial clustering patterns, the study provides a transferable analytical framework for understanding emerging urban agglomeration processes in environmentally fragile Himalayan cities and underscores the need for integrated, geospatially informed planning strategies to promote sustainable urban development.</p>

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Urbanisation and Demographic Restructuring in Jammu City, India: Built-up Expansion, Spatial Clustering, and Urban Agglomeration Dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Altaf Hussain,
  • Mohd Soheb

摘要

Jammu, the second-largest urban centre in Jammu and Kashmir after Srinagar, has experienced rapid urbanisation accompanied by significant spatial restructuring. Between 1921 and 2011, the city’s population increased from 31,506 to 576,198, while the level of urbanisation rose from 11% to 37.7% and is projected to reach 39.1% by 2031. During 2001–2011, the number of towns in Jammu district increased from 14 to 20, indicating emerging urban agglomeration processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of built-up expansion using multi-temporal remote sensing data integrated with spatial statistical techniques. The results show that the built-up area expanded more than threefold between 1985 and 2015, from 1968 ha to 7469 ha, primarily through peripheral growth and the conversion of agricultural land, vegetation and forest cover, and barren land. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analyses reveal increasing clustering and corridor-oriented concentration, indicating a structural transformation from relatively dispersed growth to core-intensified and spatially polarised urban development. The findings demonstrate that urban growth in Jammu is driven not only by demographic increase and rural in-migration but also by service-sector expansion, administrative centrality, infrastructure corridors, and governance constraints. By linking demographic transition with spatial clustering patterns, the study provides a transferable analytical framework for understanding emerging urban agglomeration processes in environmentally fragile Himalayan cities and underscores the need for integrated, geospatially informed planning strategies to promote sustainable urban development.