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<p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive problem globally. Reducing its prevalence requires a deeper understanding of community-level determinants. Despite high IPV rates, spatial analyses in the Indian context remain limited. This study integrates data from the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), deterrence indicators from the National Crime Records Bureau, and geo-spatial information from the Demographic Health Survey to examine spatial patterns and correlates of IPV in India. Exploratory spatial data analysis is used to identify regional variations and clusters with high IPV prevalence. Global and local spatial autocorrelation techniques are applied to detect spatial dependence. Spatial regression models then assess the association between IPV and women’s empowerment across four dimensions: economic assets, decision-making authority, attitudes toward violence (AVAW), and mobility. Higher levels of empowerment across all four dimensions are significantly associated with lower IPV, confirming the multidimensional nature of the relationship. Spatial spill overs are observed only for normative attitudes (AVAW), indicating that attitudinal change diffuses regionally, while other empowerment effects are locally contained. Additional contextual factors—such as climate stressors (e.g., high temperature), development indicators, and institutional deterrence (e.g., charge sheeting and conviction rates)—also significantly influence IPV prevalence. Findings emphasize the need for IPV prevention to be embedded within broader gender, climate, and justice frameworks. The spatial diffusion of AVAW effects highlights the potential of scalable interventions, such as media campaigns and school-based gender education, to shift norms and reduce IPV beyond localized areas.</p>

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Not Alone, but Together: Community Level Empowerment of Women and Intimate Partner Violence in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Debangana Usha Sinha,
  • Chirasree Mitra,
  • Pooja Dhar,
  • Shreya Sam,
  • Mousumi Dutta,
  • Zakir Husain

摘要

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive problem globally. Reducing its prevalence requires a deeper understanding of community-level determinants. Despite high IPV rates, spatial analyses in the Indian context remain limited. This study integrates data from the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), deterrence indicators from the National Crime Records Bureau, and geo-spatial information from the Demographic Health Survey to examine spatial patterns and correlates of IPV in India. Exploratory spatial data analysis is used to identify regional variations and clusters with high IPV prevalence. Global and local spatial autocorrelation techniques are applied to detect spatial dependence. Spatial regression models then assess the association between IPV and women’s empowerment across four dimensions: economic assets, decision-making authority, attitudes toward violence (AVAW), and mobility. Higher levels of empowerment across all four dimensions are significantly associated with lower IPV, confirming the multidimensional nature of the relationship. Spatial spill overs are observed only for normative attitudes (AVAW), indicating that attitudinal change diffuses regionally, while other empowerment effects are locally contained. Additional contextual factors—such as climate stressors (e.g., high temperature), development indicators, and institutional deterrence (e.g., charge sheeting and conviction rates)—also significantly influence IPV prevalence. Findings emphasize the need for IPV prevention to be embedded within broader gender, climate, and justice frameworks. The spatial diffusion of AVAW effects highlights the potential of scalable interventions, such as media campaigns and school-based gender education, to shift norms and reduce IPV beyond localized areas.