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<p>Studying the embodied carbon footprint of cement from an energy life cycle perspective can clarify the energy-related drivers of carbon emissions and delineate carbon emission responsibilities. This study establishes a process-energy extended multiregional migration model to analyze the production and trade of cement with energy as the main route. Moreover, the carbon footprint, emission coefficients, and interprovincial carbon exchange networks of the cement industry are explored. The results showed that from 2012 to 2017, the cement-related carbon emissions from energy production (EP) and cement-related embodied carbon footprint in energy consumption (EC) showed a slight decline and slight increase, respectively. Typical provinces were primarily responsible for the embodied carbon footprint, which presented varied causes and showed a pronounced north-south disparity. The carbon footprint of EP was positively driven by coal or electricity consumption (e.g., Guizhou and Guangdong), whereas that of EC was driven by clinker production, cement production, self-consumption, and outflow consumption (e.g., Guangdong and Guizhou). The carbon emission coefficients from production and economic perspectives reflect provincial EC characteristics associated with cement production, energy trade in cement production, and cement trade-embodied carbon emissions, which decreased by 10%, 27%, and 24%, respectively. This indicates significant improvements in the carbon emission coefficients in some provinces (e.g., Xinjiang and Ningxia). In 2017, the frequency of unfavorable carbon exchange decreased while that of redundant carbon exchange increased. Policies in emission reduction could be adopting fuel substitution in less-developed provinces (e.g. Guizhou), and applying carbon capture in developed provinces (e.g. Guangdong.). Capacity allocation can be realized from cement-prosperous provinces (e.g. Guangdong.) to cement-underdeveloped provinces (e.g. Qinghai). Through interprovincial cooperation policies, provinces with high carbon emission coefficients (e.g. Shanxi) could be encouraged to increase cement trade inflows from provinces with low carbon emission coefficients (e.g. Hebei).</p>

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Tracking interprovincial embodied carbon flows of cement in China: an energy life cycle perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Ziyi Jing,
  • Wenjing Zong,
  • Junming Zhang,
  • Yueling Zhang

摘要

Studying the embodied carbon footprint of cement from an energy life cycle perspective can clarify the energy-related drivers of carbon emissions and delineate carbon emission responsibilities. This study establishes a process-energy extended multiregional migration model to analyze the production and trade of cement with energy as the main route. Moreover, the carbon footprint, emission coefficients, and interprovincial carbon exchange networks of the cement industry are explored. The results showed that from 2012 to 2017, the cement-related carbon emissions from energy production (EP) and cement-related embodied carbon footprint in energy consumption (EC) showed a slight decline and slight increase, respectively. Typical provinces were primarily responsible for the embodied carbon footprint, which presented varied causes and showed a pronounced north-south disparity. The carbon footprint of EP was positively driven by coal or electricity consumption (e.g., Guizhou and Guangdong), whereas that of EC was driven by clinker production, cement production, self-consumption, and outflow consumption (e.g., Guangdong and Guizhou). The carbon emission coefficients from production and economic perspectives reflect provincial EC characteristics associated with cement production, energy trade in cement production, and cement trade-embodied carbon emissions, which decreased by 10%, 27%, and 24%, respectively. This indicates significant improvements in the carbon emission coefficients in some provinces (e.g., Xinjiang and Ningxia). In 2017, the frequency of unfavorable carbon exchange decreased while that of redundant carbon exchange increased. Policies in emission reduction could be adopting fuel substitution in less-developed provinces (e.g. Guizhou), and applying carbon capture in developed provinces (e.g. Guangdong.). Capacity allocation can be realized from cement-prosperous provinces (e.g. Guangdong.) to cement-underdeveloped provinces (e.g. Qinghai). Through interprovincial cooperation policies, provinces with high carbon emission coefficients (e.g. Shanxi) could be encouraged to increase cement trade inflows from provinces with low carbon emission coefficients (e.g. Hebei).