Algae-inspired innovations in biomaterials, biosensors, and photobioreactors for environmental engineering solutions

Algae, a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms, offer remarkable potentials for innovative environmental engineering solutions. Biomimetic materials derived from algal components, such as polysaccharides and biominerals, exhibit unique properties suitable for applications in water purification, air filtration, and sustainable construction. Bio-inspired sensors, mimicking algal sensing mechanisms, enable real-time environmental monitoring and pollution detection. Photobioreactors harness algal photosynthesis for biofuel production, carbon capture, and wastewater treatment, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. The interdisciplinary approach of this review highlights the synergies across biology, materials science, and engineering, illuminating the revolutionary potential of algae-inspired technologies. While challenges regarding scalability, affordability, and environmental impact persist, ongoing advancements in biotechnology, design optimization, and policy support hold promise for realizing the full potential of these nature-inspired innovations.