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<p>Knowledge in four-dimensional printed polymer-textile composites (4DP PTC), a novel textile composite with shape-changing abilities, is significant for both research and practice. It bridges the gap between 4D printing and textile materials, unlike traditional polymer-only 4D printing materials. However, there has been limited study of the challenges in establishing a systematic process for design, fabrication, and evaluation to support further development and validation. This review examines key design, development, and evaluation methods in thermo-responsive 4DP PTCs produced via extrusion that merge thermo-responsive polymers (TRP) and polyurethane (PU)-based polymers with textile substrates. It highlights important design variables and processes that can be adjusted to affect material performance. Furthermore, it provides a foundation for a more optimised and systematic design framework for 4DP PTC materials.</p>

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A review on the design and evaluation frameworks for thermo-responsive polyurethane four-dimensional printed polymer-textile composites (4DP PTC)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Tin Chun Cheung

摘要

Knowledge in four-dimensional printed polymer-textile composites (4DP PTC), a novel textile composite with shape-changing abilities, is significant for both research and practice. It bridges the gap between 4D printing and textile materials, unlike traditional polymer-only 4D printing materials. However, there has been limited study of the challenges in establishing a systematic process for design, fabrication, and evaluation to support further development and validation. This review examines key design, development, and evaluation methods in thermo-responsive 4DP PTCs produced via extrusion that merge thermo-responsive polymers (TRP) and polyurethane (PU)-based polymers with textile substrates. It highlights important design variables and processes that can be adjusted to affect material performance. Furthermore, it provides a foundation for a more optimised and systematic design framework for 4DP PTC materials.