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<p>This study presents the development and characterization of chromium (Cr)-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composite 3D printing feedstock filament. PETG was compounded with Cr powder at different loadings (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt%) and extruded using a single-screw extruder. The resulting filaments were systematically evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and tensile testing to assess their chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. SEM analysis revealed uniform Cr dispersion and good interfacial adhesion at low filler content, with slight agglomeration observed above 5 wt%. FTIR confirmed the absence of chemical bonding, indicating that Cr acted as a physical filler, while XRD showed the retention of Cr’s crystalline peaks after extrusion. TGA results demonstrated improved thermal stability and higher char residue with increasing Cr content. Tensile test indicated that 2.5 wt% Cr achieved the best performance, with tensile strength increasing by approximately 38% compared to neat PETG, whereas higher loadings resulted in brittleness due to particle agglomeration. Importantly, only small amounts of metallic Cr were used, remaining well below occupational exposure limits to ensure safe handling. Overall, the results highlight that Cr-reinforced PETG filaments exhibit enhanced mechanical and thermal properties, making them promising candidates for advanced, high-strength 3D printing applications.</p>

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Development and characterization of PETG composite feedstock filament reinforced with chromium powder for material extrusion 3D printing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • K. Rajesh Kannan,
  • G. Suganya Priyadharsini,
  • Sethupathi Bose,
  • Vishal Mishra

摘要

This study presents the development and characterization of chromium (Cr)-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composite 3D printing feedstock filament. PETG was compounded with Cr powder at different loadings (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt%) and extruded using a single-screw extruder. The resulting filaments were systematically evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and tensile testing to assess their chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. SEM analysis revealed uniform Cr dispersion and good interfacial adhesion at low filler content, with slight agglomeration observed above 5 wt%. FTIR confirmed the absence of chemical bonding, indicating that Cr acted as a physical filler, while XRD showed the retention of Cr’s crystalline peaks after extrusion. TGA results demonstrated improved thermal stability and higher char residue with increasing Cr content. Tensile test indicated that 2.5 wt% Cr achieved the best performance, with tensile strength increasing by approximately 38% compared to neat PETG, whereas higher loadings resulted in brittleness due to particle agglomeration. Importantly, only small amounts of metallic Cr were used, remaining well below occupational exposure limits to ensure safe handling. Overall, the results highlight that Cr-reinforced PETG filaments exhibit enhanced mechanical and thermal properties, making them promising candidates for advanced, high-strength 3D printing applications.