Scholarlink

<p>The aim of this study is to provide critical insights into the relationship between the process -structure-property relationship in Gas Metal Arc Welding – based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Duplex Stainless Steel 2209, contributing to the advancement of additive manufacturing for high-performance industrial applications. A multilayered wall of 36 layers was fabricated at different heat input conditions by varying wire feed rate and travel speed. Based on preliminary trials and established WAAM literature for DSS alloys, wire feed rates of 5, 6, and 7&#xa0;m/min were combined with travel speeds of 8, 10, and 12&#xa0;mm/s. Microstructural characterization was carried out using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction, while mechanical performance was evaluated through microhardness and tensile testing. The results reveal that variations in wire feed rate and travel speed significantly influence the ferrite-austenite phase balance, grain morphology. The variation in microhardness arises from alterations in the ferrite–austenite phase balance, with ferrite-rich regions exhibiting higher hardness compared to austenite-dominated regions. Hence, the correlation of phase distribution with the Microhardness values ranges from 270 HV to 340 HV, which shows higher hardness in regions with dominant ferrite content. The ultimate tensile strength values range from 665&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>to 758&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>.Optimal results were obtained at the Heat input of 308&#xa0;J/mm, corresponding to a balanced duplex microstructure. This work establishes a heat-input-driven process–structure–property framework for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel 2209, providing practical guidance for parameter selection in industrial applications.</p> Graphical abstract

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Influence of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of wire arc additive manufactured duplex stainless steel 2209 alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

查看全文
  • Prasanth Grandhi,
  • Gurabvaiah Punugupati,
  • G. B. Veeresh Kumar,
  • Hymavathi Madivada,
  • C. S. P. Rao,
  • Manidipto Mukherjee

摘要

The aim of this study is to provide critical insights into the relationship between the process -structure-property relationship in Gas Metal Arc Welding – based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Duplex Stainless Steel 2209, contributing to the advancement of additive manufacturing for high-performance industrial applications. A multilayered wall of 36 layers was fabricated at different heat input conditions by varying wire feed rate and travel speed. Based on preliminary trials and established WAAM literature for DSS alloys, wire feed rates of 5, 6, and 7 m/min were combined with travel speeds of 8, 10, and 12 mm/s. Microstructural characterization was carried out using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction, while mechanical performance was evaluated through microhardness and tensile testing. The results reveal that variations in wire feed rate and travel speed significantly influence the ferrite-austenite phase balance, grain morphology. The variation in microhardness arises from alterations in the ferrite–austenite phase balance, with ferrite-rich regions exhibiting higher hardness compared to austenite-dominated regions. Hence, the correlation of phase distribution with the Microhardness values ranges from 270 HV to 340 HV, which shows higher hardness in regions with dominant ferrite content. The ultimate tensile strength values range from 665 N/mm2to 758 N/mm2.Optimal results were obtained at the Heat input of 308 J/mm, corresponding to a balanced duplex microstructure. This work establishes a heat-input-driven process–structure–property framework for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel 2209, providing practical guidance for parameter selection in industrial applications.

Graphical abstract