Comparative experimental assessment of compressive and energy-absorption responses of FFF-printed PETG–CF composites with different infill architectures
摘要
This study presents a comparative experimental investigation of the compressive behaviour of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printed polyethylene terephthalate glycol–carbon fibre (PETG–CF) composites with different infill patterns and densities, targeting lightweight and energy-absorbing structural concepts relevant to aerospace and space-related applications. Cylindrical specimens conforming to ASTM D695 were fabricated using four 2D infill patterns (Line, Grid, Cross, and Tri-Hex) and four 3D infill patterns (cubic, gyroid, octet, and cross-3D) at infill densities of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Compressive modulus, strength-to-weight ratio, and compressive strain energy absorption were evaluated under quasi-static loading. The results show that compressive performance is strongly influenced by infill geometry and density. Compressive modulus generally increased with infill density, reaching a maximum measured value of 314.68 MPa for the Tri-Hex pattern at 60% infill, while the Cubic pattern exhibited a continuous increase up to 284.21 MPa at 80% infill. Among the tested configurations, the Grid infill at 80% density showed the highest measured strength-to-weight ratio of 2098.21 N/g. Grid and Cross patterns demonstrated comparatively higher strain energy absorption at moderate densities, with a maximum measured value of 20,084.21 kJ/m3 for the Grid pattern at 40% infill. At lower densities (20–40%), 3D infill patterns exhibited relatively higher stiffness than 2D patterns due to more isotropic load transfer. Failure behaviour was density-dependent, with low-density specimens showing localized shear and buckling, while higher-density specimens exhibited more progressive and uniform deformation The findings provide comparative insight into the influence of infill architecture and density on compressive response and energy absorption, offering directional trends that may inform future design-oriented studies.