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<p>316L stainless steel (SS316L) is widely utilised due to its excellent corrosion resistance. However, its yield strength is relatively low, ranging from 170 to 200&#xa0;MPa, which limits its engineering applications as a structural material. Reinforcing the metal with ceramic nanoparticles has been considered an effective approach to improve the strength of SS316L. However, the synthesis of such nanocomposites has been a long-term challenge with the conventional casting process due to the high tendency of agglomeration of nanoparticles. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) provides an opportunity to overcome this issue for fabricating stainless nanocomposites by moderating the powder constitution. This study demonstrates the preparation of a dense SS316L matrix TiN-WC nanoparticles reinforced nanocomposite with enhanced strength via L-PBF. Materials characterisation indicates the distribution and dispersion homogeneities of the TiN-WC nanoparticles in the SS316L matrix. A thermal computational fluid dynamics model explains the melt pool dynamics and temperature distribution of the composite powder bed. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to fracture of the nanocomposites are over 700&#xa0;MPa, 1000&#xa0;MPa, and 30%, respectively—the tensile strength represents a 50% increase over L-PBF-fabricated pristine SS316L. This superior property trade-off is attributed to the effect of grain refinement resulting from the TiN nanoparticles and the dispersion strengthening of both the WC and TiN nanoparticles. The corrosion resistance of the SS316L matrix TiN-WC reinforced nanocomposite surpasses that of its wrought counterpart. The present results offer valuable insights into improving the combined strength-ductility properties of SS316L without compromising its corrosion resistance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Achieving superior strength and corrosion resistance synergy in 316L stainless steel nanocomposites using ceramic nanoparticles by laser powder bed fusion approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Baibhav Karan,
  • Qiyang Tan,
  • Kiomars Moheimani,
  • Junji Shinjo,
  • Chinnapat Panwisawas,
  • Ayan Bhowmik,
  • Mingxing Zhang

摘要

316L stainless steel (SS316L) is widely utilised due to its excellent corrosion resistance. However, its yield strength is relatively low, ranging from 170 to 200 MPa, which limits its engineering applications as a structural material. Reinforcing the metal with ceramic nanoparticles has been considered an effective approach to improve the strength of SS316L. However, the synthesis of such nanocomposites has been a long-term challenge with the conventional casting process due to the high tendency of agglomeration of nanoparticles. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) provides an opportunity to overcome this issue for fabricating stainless nanocomposites by moderating the powder constitution. This study demonstrates the preparation of a dense SS316L matrix TiN-WC nanoparticles reinforced nanocomposite with enhanced strength via L-PBF. Materials characterisation indicates the distribution and dispersion homogeneities of the TiN-WC nanoparticles in the SS316L matrix. A thermal computational fluid dynamics model explains the melt pool dynamics and temperature distribution of the composite powder bed. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to fracture of the nanocomposites are over 700 MPa, 1000 MPa, and 30%, respectively—the tensile strength represents a 50% increase over L-PBF-fabricated pristine SS316L. This superior property trade-off is attributed to the effect of grain refinement resulting from the TiN nanoparticles and the dispersion strengthening of both the WC and TiN nanoparticles. The corrosion resistance of the SS316L matrix TiN-WC reinforced nanocomposite surpasses that of its wrought counterpart. The present results offer valuable insights into improving the combined strength-ductility properties of SS316L without compromising its corrosion resistance.

Graphical abstract