Scholarlink

<p>This study investigates the impact of incorporating TiC particles on the densification and microstructural characteristics of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-fabricated CX stainless steel (SS) components. A central composite design approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness on the densification of L-PBF-fabricated CX SS reinforced with varying amounts (0–2 wt%) of microscale TiC particles. TiC-reinforced components exhibited higher overall relative density compared to non-reinforced CX SS under similar processing conditions, achieving a relative density of 100% for both 1 wt% and 2 wt% TiC-reinforced CX SS, while the maximum attainable relative density for non-reinforced CX SS was 99.4%. The addition of TiC improved the densification behavior of CX SS, demonstrating a broader processing window to achieve relative densities greater than 99%. Microstructural analysis revealed that the addition of TiC particles to CX-SS feedstock powder disrupted the columnar structure and led to the formation of a refined and equiaxed grain structure in the as-printed part. Notably, CX SS reinforced with 2 wt% TiC exhibited superior grain refinement, achieving a mean grain size of 1.34 µm and a substantial reduction in martensite lath size, with widths reaching ~20 nm. In addition, the microstructure of TiC-reinforced components showed the formation of in-situ nano-sized TiC particles (~50 nm diameter) alongside microscale particles (3–5 µm), with higher laser energy density resulting in reduced size and quantity of microscale TiC particles. These findings underscore the potential of TiC reinforcement in enhancing the microstructural properties and densification of L-PBF-fabricated CX SS components.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Enhancing densification and grain refinement of laser powder bed fusion-processed CX stainless steel via TiC addition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

查看全文
  • Elham Afshari,
  • Melissa Trask,
  • Donald Paul Bishop,
  • Ali Nasiri

摘要

This study investigates the impact of incorporating TiC particles on the densification and microstructural characteristics of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-fabricated CX stainless steel (SS) components. A central composite design approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness on the densification of L-PBF-fabricated CX SS reinforced with varying amounts (0–2 wt%) of microscale TiC particles. TiC-reinforced components exhibited higher overall relative density compared to non-reinforced CX SS under similar processing conditions, achieving a relative density of 100% for both 1 wt% and 2 wt% TiC-reinforced CX SS, while the maximum attainable relative density for non-reinforced CX SS was 99.4%. The addition of TiC improved the densification behavior of CX SS, demonstrating a broader processing window to achieve relative densities greater than 99%. Microstructural analysis revealed that the addition of TiC particles to CX-SS feedstock powder disrupted the columnar structure and led to the formation of a refined and equiaxed grain structure in the as-printed part. Notably, CX SS reinforced with 2 wt% TiC exhibited superior grain refinement, achieving a mean grain size of 1.34 µm and a substantial reduction in martensite lath size, with widths reaching ~20 nm. In addition, the microstructure of TiC-reinforced components showed the formation of in-situ nano-sized TiC particles (~50 nm diameter) alongside microscale particles (3–5 µm), with higher laser energy density resulting in reduced size and quantity of microscale TiC particles. These findings underscore the potential of TiC reinforcement in enhancing the microstructural properties and densification of L-PBF-fabricated CX SS components.