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<p>This study investigates the effect of Ni–Cr powder addition on the mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties of low-alloy steel fabricated using Rotational/Spin Arc welding-based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (RA-WAAM). The introduction of Ni–Cr powders into the welding process and the molten pool stirring induced by arc rotation facilitated a uniform distribution of powders along the surface. Tensile testing revealed an increase in the mechanical strength of the fabricated material, with an improvement of 280&#xa0;MPa compared to non-inoculated samples produced with Rotational arc welding and about 360&#xa0;MPa compared to non-inoculated samples made using traditional welding techniques. The average value of the micro-hardness of the build is 238&#xa0;HV. Microstructural characterisation using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Backscatter Diffraction, and Optical Microscopy revealed a refined grain structure with an average grain size of 14&#xa0;µm, which is notably lesser than that of the non-inoculated samples, which can be attributed to the combined effect of Ni–Cr inoculation and arc spinning. Corrosion properties were evaluated using the potentiodynamic polarisation technique. The inoculated build exhibited a corrosion rate of 0.04&#xa0;mm/year, significantly lower than that of the non-inoculated samples (0.08&#xa0;mm/year), highlighting the enhanced corrosion resistance achieved by adding Ni–Cr powders.</p>

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Enhancing low-alloy steel produced by rotational arc-WAAM (RA-WAAM): impact of nickel–chromium powders on mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月9日

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  • Justus Panicker. C. T,
  • Senthilkumar V.

摘要

This study investigates the effect of Ni–Cr powder addition on the mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties of low-alloy steel fabricated using Rotational/Spin Arc welding-based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (RA-WAAM). The introduction of Ni–Cr powders into the welding process and the molten pool stirring induced by arc rotation facilitated a uniform distribution of powders along the surface. Tensile testing revealed an increase in the mechanical strength of the fabricated material, with an improvement of 280 MPa compared to non-inoculated samples produced with Rotational arc welding and about 360 MPa compared to non-inoculated samples made using traditional welding techniques. The average value of the micro-hardness of the build is 238 HV. Microstructural characterisation using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Backscatter Diffraction, and Optical Microscopy revealed a refined grain structure with an average grain size of 14 µm, which is notably lesser than that of the non-inoculated samples, which can be attributed to the combined effect of Ni–Cr inoculation and arc spinning. Corrosion properties were evaluated using the potentiodynamic polarisation technique. The inoculated build exhibited a corrosion rate of 0.04 mm/year, significantly lower than that of the non-inoculated samples (0.08 mm/year), highlighting the enhanced corrosion resistance achieved by adding Ni–Cr powders.