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<p>Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has gained significant interest from industry and academia for its ability to combine the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) in producing large components with simple contours, gradual curvatures and moderate inclinations. The competitive advantages combine cost-effectiveness and material efficiency. This work presents and analyse microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) parts manufactured by WAAM with various deposition strategies. Austenite, ferrite phases and inclusions were identified through Backscattered Electron Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM). Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results revealed the influence of weld bead interfaces on the mechanical behaviour, indicated by regions of necking and variable strain rates nearby fusion lines. Grain size was a crucial factor responsible for deformation and mechanical properties. Samples with hybrid (HY) and zigzag (ZZ) deposition strategies at the 90° overlap, presented better mechanical properties compared to the 45° (HY45 and ZZ45). Electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarisation curves (PPc) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), assessed the response of the samples to corrosive environment. Corrosion results demonstrated that the performance of corrosion resistance as a function of time presented by HY90 and ZZ90 samples were better than HY45 and ZZ45 ones. Additionally, corrosion products enhanced the corrosion resistance of WAAM-manufactured 316L SS alloys. The results indicate that the 90° overlap is a promising strategy to improve both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L SS produced by WAAM.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mechanical and corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel processed by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Francisco Maciel de Brito Neto,
  • Murilo Oliveira Alves Ferreira,
  • Samuel Antonio Correa dos Santos,
  • Júlia Nascimento Pereira,
  • Danna Lizbeth Contreras Meza,
  • Waqar Ahmed,
  • Tamires de Souza Nossa,
  • Jéferson Aparecido Moreto,
  • Haroldo Cavalcanti Pinto,
  • Vera Lucia Arantes

摘要

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has gained significant interest from industry and academia for its ability to combine the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) in producing large components with simple contours, gradual curvatures and moderate inclinations. The competitive advantages combine cost-effectiveness and material efficiency. This work presents and analyse microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) parts manufactured by WAAM with various deposition strategies. Austenite, ferrite phases and inclusions were identified through Backscattered Electron Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM). Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results revealed the influence of weld bead interfaces on the mechanical behaviour, indicated by regions of necking and variable strain rates nearby fusion lines. Grain size was a crucial factor responsible for deformation and mechanical properties. Samples with hybrid (HY) and zigzag (ZZ) deposition strategies at the 90° overlap, presented better mechanical properties compared to the 45° (HY45 and ZZ45). Electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarisation curves (PPc) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), assessed the response of the samples to corrosive environment. Corrosion results demonstrated that the performance of corrosion resistance as a function of time presented by HY90 and ZZ90 samples were better than HY45 and ZZ45 ones. Additionally, corrosion products enhanced the corrosion resistance of WAAM-manufactured 316L SS alloys. The results indicate that the 90° overlap is a promising strategy to improve both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L SS produced by WAAM.

Graphical abstract