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<p>This study encompassed the design, fabrication, and utilization of a new vacuum distillation furnace for the extraction of metallic zinc, presenting a practical approach to recovering metals from complex secondary materials such as zinc Zamak dross containing Al, Cu, and Mg impurities along with various oxide phases. Through vacuum distillation using primary and secondary zinc Zamak dross, metallic zinc, which has a low melting point and high vapor pressure, was successfully extracted by separating it from other components. The vacuum distillation and condensation of zinc were conducted at various heating temperatures at 20 kPa absolute pressure. The study identifies a versatile two-stage recovery approach in which distillation at 600 °C produces a Zn–Zamak 5 alloy suitable for direct industrial reuse, while temperatures of 1,000–1,100 °C are required for high-purity extraction. In batch 1, the near optimal heating conditions of 1,100 °C, 180 min, and 20 kPa were identified to achieve high zinc separation efficiency and purity. The recovery efficiency of the extracted zinc was 83.57 % under the most effective conditions within the tested experimental range. For secondary zinc Zamak dross (batch 2), recovery efficiencies of 47.41% and 74.54% were achieved at 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C, respectively. The obtained zinc was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The ICP–OES analysis revealed that the zinc separated at 450–800 °C in batch 1 consisted of Zn–Zamak 5, whereas at 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C, 99.99 wt.% high-purity zinc was obtained in both batch 1 and batch 2. This work demonstrates that the vast difference in vapor pressures allows for the effective separation of various metals present in zinc Zamak dross. Furthermore, this distillation method is an environmentally friendly process, as it ensures that no waste gases are discharged into the environment, thus significantly reducing harmful emissions into the air and providing a practical method for recovering valuable metals.</p>

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Zinc Recovery from Zamak Dross via Vacuum Distillation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Thearum Rin,
  • Somjai Janudom,
  • Sirintip Saelee,
  • Narissara Mahathaninwong,
  • Seppo Karrila

摘要

This study encompassed the design, fabrication, and utilization of a new vacuum distillation furnace for the extraction of metallic zinc, presenting a practical approach to recovering metals from complex secondary materials such as zinc Zamak dross containing Al, Cu, and Mg impurities along with various oxide phases. Through vacuum distillation using primary and secondary zinc Zamak dross, metallic zinc, which has a low melting point and high vapor pressure, was successfully extracted by separating it from other components. The vacuum distillation and condensation of zinc were conducted at various heating temperatures at 20 kPa absolute pressure. The study identifies a versatile two-stage recovery approach in which distillation at 600 °C produces a Zn–Zamak 5 alloy suitable for direct industrial reuse, while temperatures of 1,000–1,100 °C are required for high-purity extraction. In batch 1, the near optimal heating conditions of 1,100 °C, 180 min, and 20 kPa were identified to achieve high zinc separation efficiency and purity. The recovery efficiency of the extracted zinc was 83.57 % under the most effective conditions within the tested experimental range. For secondary zinc Zamak dross (batch 2), recovery efficiencies of 47.41% and 74.54% were achieved at 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C, respectively. The obtained zinc was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The ICP–OES analysis revealed that the zinc separated at 450–800 °C in batch 1 consisted of Zn–Zamak 5, whereas at 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C, 99.99 wt.% high-purity zinc was obtained in both batch 1 and batch 2. This work demonstrates that the vast difference in vapor pressures allows for the effective separation of various metals present in zinc Zamak dross. Furthermore, this distillation method is an environmentally friendly process, as it ensures that no waste gases are discharged into the environment, thus significantly reducing harmful emissions into the air and providing a practical method for recovering valuable metals.