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<p>This scientific research examines the synergy effect of boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C)/Titanium diboride (TiB<sub>2</sub>) hybrid reinforcements on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviour of the AA336 alloy. Hybrid composites were fabricated by stir casting using a TiB<sub>2</sub> constant value of 2.5 wt.% and B<sub>4</sub>C with varying values of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%. Microstructural characterization showed that there was substantial grain refinement, whereby the average grain size was reduced by 69.5% in the highest reinforcement composite (AHC4), and this grain refinement is explained by heterogeneous nucleation and Zener pinning. Uniform distribution of particles and good bonding of interfaces were determined by SEM/EDS analysis. The mechanical properties showed a noticeable strength-toughness compromise where, among all the composites, the highly reinforced composite AHC4 specimens showed a peak Vickers hardness of 142.1 HV (57.5% increase) and an ultimate tensile strength of 219.1 MPa (41.2% increase) compared to the unreinforced alloy. However, it was accompanied by a macroscopic embrittlement, measured in terms of a 52.1% decrease in ductility, and a 47.8% reduction in dynamic impact toughness (to 2.4 J). Tribologically, the AHC4 composite showed a 35.7% lower specific wear rate compared to that of the base alloy at a load of 30 N due to a fundamental change of the major wear mechanism from severe adhesive ploughing to mild oxidative wear.</p>

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Synergistic Effect of B4C and TiB2 Reinforcements on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties of AA336 Aluminium Hybrid Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • A. J. Infant Jegan Rakesh,
  • Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai,
  • A. Saiyathibrahim,
  • S. N. Vijayan

摘要

This scientific research examines the synergy effect of boron carbide (B4C)/Titanium diboride (TiB2) hybrid reinforcements on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviour of the AA336 alloy. Hybrid composites were fabricated by stir casting using a TiB2 constant value of 2.5 wt.% and B4C with varying values of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%. Microstructural characterization showed that there was substantial grain refinement, whereby the average grain size was reduced by 69.5% in the highest reinforcement composite (AHC4), and this grain refinement is explained by heterogeneous nucleation and Zener pinning. Uniform distribution of particles and good bonding of interfaces were determined by SEM/EDS analysis. The mechanical properties showed a noticeable strength-toughness compromise where, among all the composites, the highly reinforced composite AHC4 specimens showed a peak Vickers hardness of 142.1 HV (57.5% increase) and an ultimate tensile strength of 219.1 MPa (41.2% increase) compared to the unreinforced alloy. However, it was accompanied by a macroscopic embrittlement, measured in terms of a 52.1% decrease in ductility, and a 47.8% reduction in dynamic impact toughness (to 2.4 J). Tribologically, the AHC4 composite showed a 35.7% lower specific wear rate compared to that of the base alloy at a load of 30 N due to a fundamental change of the major wear mechanism from severe adhesive ploughing to mild oxidative wear.