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<p>Dynamic green sand tests such as modified cone jolt toughness (MCJT) and hot friability (HFT) were able to differentiate among various green sand systems for the same compactability level (moisture content) and clay level in a 2022 AFS publication 22-012. Until this work, researchers at Western Michigan University (WMU) sought ways to reduce sample-to-sample and test-to-test variability in order to improve dynamic green sand testing. This paper focused on sodium bentonite (75%), calcium bentonite (25%) blend at 35% compactability that is typical in cast-iron foundries. The purpose of this study is to use improved dynamic green sand tests to determine the properties in ceramic, chromite and silica green sand systems at equal clay concentration; density differences were considered. The results provide information regarding the green properties of granular media that is beneficial to foundry molding process. The dynamic tests provide more relevant data about moisture and clay changes in green sand systems compared to the AFS baseline tests. The results obtained in this study are encouraging and present an opportunity for superior analytics and better control of green sand systems.</p>

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Improving Dynamic Green Properties Testing with Progressive Analytics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Sam Ramrattan,
  • Robert Makin,
  • Kishan Venkataramana

摘要

Dynamic green sand tests such as modified cone jolt toughness (MCJT) and hot friability (HFT) were able to differentiate among various green sand systems for the same compactability level (moisture content) and clay level in a 2022 AFS publication 22-012. Until this work, researchers at Western Michigan University (WMU) sought ways to reduce sample-to-sample and test-to-test variability in order to improve dynamic green sand testing. This paper focused on sodium bentonite (75%), calcium bentonite (25%) blend at 35% compactability that is typical in cast-iron foundries. The purpose of this study is to use improved dynamic green sand tests to determine the properties in ceramic, chromite and silica green sand systems at equal clay concentration; density differences were considered. The results provide information regarding the green properties of granular media that is beneficial to foundry molding process. The dynamic tests provide more relevant data about moisture and clay changes in green sand systems compared to the AFS baseline tests. The results obtained in this study are encouraging and present an opportunity for superior analytics and better control of green sand systems.