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<p>This study investigated the effects of different cooling media—air, water, and oil—on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Mo alloy steel. After austenitizing in a resistance furnace at a specified temperature for one hour, the Cr–Mo steel specimens were cooled using the respective media. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical and wear properties were evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, an impact testing machine, and an impact abrasive wear tester. The results indicate that water cooling produced a lath martensite structure, resulting in high hardness (590.6&#xa0;HV), which was approximately 93% greater than the air-cooled specimen. However, the impact energy was reduced to 22&#xa0;J, a decrease of 51%. Oil cooling produced a balanced hardness of 446.3&#xa0;HV and impact energy of 27&#xa0;J. Furthermore, the oil cooling specimen exhibited the best wear resistance, with a mass loss of 0.08&#xa0;g. This represents a 33% improvement over the air-cooled specimen and an 11% improvement over the water-quenched specimen. This study demonstrates that oil cooling achieves an optimal balance between hardness and toughness in Cr–Mo steel, which can potentially enhance the service life of industrial components.</p>

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Microstructure, Mechanical and Wear Properties of Cr–Mo Steel Under Different Cooling Media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Hanwei Fu,
  • Nan Zhu,
  • Di Wu,
  • Lin Yang,
  • Fei Zhang,
  • Zulai Li,
  • Wen Zhang,
  • Ziheng Wang,
  • Ziliang Ge,
  • He Wei

摘要

This study investigated the effects of different cooling media—air, water, and oil—on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Mo alloy steel. After austenitizing in a resistance furnace at a specified temperature for one hour, the Cr–Mo steel specimens were cooled using the respective media. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical and wear properties were evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, an impact testing machine, and an impact abrasive wear tester. The results indicate that water cooling produced a lath martensite structure, resulting in high hardness (590.6 HV), which was approximately 93% greater than the air-cooled specimen. However, the impact energy was reduced to 22 J, a decrease of 51%. Oil cooling produced a balanced hardness of 446.3 HV and impact energy of 27 J. Furthermore, the oil cooling specimen exhibited the best wear resistance, with a mass loss of 0.08 g. This represents a 33% improvement over the air-cooled specimen and an 11% improvement over the water-quenched specimen. This study demonstrates that oil cooling achieves an optimal balance between hardness and toughness in Cr–Mo steel, which can potentially enhance the service life of industrial components.