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<p>In this comparative study, the microstructure and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of austenitic heat-resistant steels without element niobium and with element niobium at 900&#xa0;°C were investigated by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show grains were refined, and the amount of carbide increased after adding alloying niobium (Nb). During high-temperature oxidation, the addition of Nb reduces the consumption of carbon and nitrogen elements to chromium and facilitates the formation of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Moreover, Nb reduces the consumption of Cr by carbon and nitrogen and promotes the formation of a denser and more stable Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> protective oxide film, which improves high-temperature oxidation resistance. It is well known that the addition of niobium to heat-resistant stainless steel enhances high-temperature strength through the formation of stable niobium carbides. In the present work, it was also found that niobium improves the hot oxidation resistance of the alloy. Therefore, austenitic heat-resistant steel with Nb can be fully adopted for high-performance turbochargers requiring high-temperature oxidation resistance.</p>

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Effects of Niobium on Microstructures and High-Temperature Oxidation Properties of Heat-Resistant Austenitic Steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Yu Han,
  • Xueshan Du,
  • Bo Fu,
  • Zheng Tian,
  • Liya Huang,
  • Yufu Sun

摘要

In this comparative study, the microstructure and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of austenitic heat-resistant steels without element niobium and with element niobium at 900 °C were investigated by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show grains were refined, and the amount of carbide increased after adding alloying niobium (Nb). During high-temperature oxidation, the addition of Nb reduces the consumption of carbon and nitrogen elements to chromium and facilitates the formation of Cr2O3. Moreover, Nb reduces the consumption of Cr by carbon and nitrogen and promotes the formation of a denser and more stable Cr2O3 protective oxide film, which improves high-temperature oxidation resistance. It is well known that the addition of niobium to heat-resistant stainless steel enhances high-temperature strength through the formation of stable niobium carbides. In the present work, it was also found that niobium improves the hot oxidation resistance of the alloy. Therefore, austenitic heat-resistant steel with Nb can be fully adopted for high-performance turbochargers requiring high-temperature oxidation resistance.