<p>Despite significant progress in reducing hunger, malnutrition among children under five years is still a major concern in India. There has been a transition in agricultural production from traditional farming practices to more intensive, specialised, and commercial farms. Diverse agricultural production pursuits for self-consumption can improve diet quality and alleviate malnutrition. Using primary data from two states (Odisha and Bihar) in India, the paper studies the relationship between household dietary diversity and production diversity by considering various agricultural and allied activities at the farm level. The results indicate that production diversity and market access improve household dietary diversity. The interplay between diverse production activities shows complementarity between on-field production and allied activities in augmenting diverse food availability at the household level, even with market accessibility. The consumption from various production sources ameliorates the dietary diversity of farm households. From a public policy perspective, promoting community and school kitchen gardens, supporting sustainable livestock farming and developing market infrastructure in rural areas, such as storage facilities, food processing units and marketing facilities, will enhance household dietary diversity.</p>