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<p>Underground tunnels are inevitably exposed to dynamic disturbances during blasting excavation, yet the critical role of initial rock damage in controlling the long-term tunnel stability remains inadequately understood. In this study, a novel numerical framework is developed for simulating the sequential blasting excavation and subsequent creep process by embedding an enhanced dynamic viscoplastic damage model. The approach is then validated against an analytical dynamic excavation problem and field monitoring data from the Beishan Exploration Tunnel. The main contribution of this work is the quantitative assessment of how initial dynamic damage alters the time-dependent rock response via systematic simulations. In particular, our modeling results demonstrate that incorporating initial dynamic damage yields substantially more accurate predictions of time-dependent rock deformation, while neglecting the dynamic disturbance leads to a significant underestimation of creep development. The results further show that higher explosive pressures and faster unloading rates markedly intensify rock creep rates, whereas different in-situ stress conditions fundamentally alter the initial damage characteristics and ensuing creep evolution of the surrounding rock. Moreover, it is newly found that the pronounced local creep deformation can trigger non-negligible passive displacement in adjacent rock regions, highlighting the necessity of targeted reinforcement in highly disturbed zones to prevent cascading tunnel failure. The findings of our study offer practical insights for optimizing excavation design and support strategies of underground excavations in dynamically disturbed environments.</p>

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Time-dependent behavior and damage evolution of brittle rock around deep underground excavations subjected to dynamic disturbance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Jian Tao,
  • Zhijie Wen,
  • Yujun Zuo,
  • Zhiyong Shen,
  • Yantao Zheng

摘要

Underground tunnels are inevitably exposed to dynamic disturbances during blasting excavation, yet the critical role of initial rock damage in controlling the long-term tunnel stability remains inadequately understood. In this study, a novel numerical framework is developed for simulating the sequential blasting excavation and subsequent creep process by embedding an enhanced dynamic viscoplastic damage model. The approach is then validated against an analytical dynamic excavation problem and field monitoring data from the Beishan Exploration Tunnel. The main contribution of this work is the quantitative assessment of how initial dynamic damage alters the time-dependent rock response via systematic simulations. In particular, our modeling results demonstrate that incorporating initial dynamic damage yields substantially more accurate predictions of time-dependent rock deformation, while neglecting the dynamic disturbance leads to a significant underestimation of creep development. The results further show that higher explosive pressures and faster unloading rates markedly intensify rock creep rates, whereas different in-situ stress conditions fundamentally alter the initial damage characteristics and ensuing creep evolution of the surrounding rock. Moreover, it is newly found that the pronounced local creep deformation can trigger non-negligible passive displacement in adjacent rock regions, highlighting the necessity of targeted reinforcement in highly disturbed zones to prevent cascading tunnel failure. The findings of our study offer practical insights for optimizing excavation design and support strategies of underground excavations in dynamically disturbed environments.