Purpose <p>This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and diagnostic performance of self-collected and clinician-collected cervico-vaginal samples for high-risk HPV detection in a hospital-based population. In addition, socio-demographic characteristics and perceived barriers related to cervical health testing were assessed.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional hospital-based diagnostic comparison study was conducted among 140 women attending a healthcare facility. Each participant provided paired samples: a self-collected cervico-vaginal sample followed by a clinician-collected sample. All specimens were processed using the Cobas 4800 HPV DNA testing system under identical laboratory conditions. Paired statistical analyses were performed to assess agreement between the two sampling methods.</p> Results <p>High-risk HPV was detected in 13.6% (19/140) of self-collected samples and 9.3% (13/140) of clinician-collected samples. Agreement analysis demonstrated substantial concordance between the two methods, with high overall agreement and no statistically significant difference in paired detection rates. Sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with HPV positivity in either sampling method. Reported barriers related to cervical health testing included limited awareness, embarrassment, fear of the procedure, fear of diagnosis, and perceived financial constraints.</p> Conclusion <p>In this hospital-based paired-sample study, self-collected samples demonstrated comparable high-risk HPV detection to clinician-collected samples, with substantial agreement between methods. Sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with differences in HPV detection between sampling approaches. The findings highlight important informational and psychosocial barriers related to cervical health testing and support the potential role of self-sampling as an alternative specimen collection method in clinical settings.</p>