Purpose <p>The global rise in cancer incidence is becoming a significant economic burden. The development of cervical cancer requires persistent oncogenic HPV infection with high-risk HPV genotypes, which is influenced by vaginal microbiota. The purpose of the review was to provide translational applications of integrating cervicovaginal microbiome profiling into cervical cancer clinical screening and prevention, as an adjunct to routine methods.</p> Methodology <p>Data obtained from database searches (SCOPUS, EMBASE, EBSCO, PUBMED, Google Scholar) using keywords cervical cancer, tumour microenvironment, Vaginal microbiota, Lactobacillus species, Dysbiosis, and cross references are searched.</p> Result <p>Recent research suggests a dual role of the vaginal microbiota in influencing both the acquisition and persistence of HPV, as well as the progression of cervical cancer. Despite this knowledge, the reasons why most individuals infected with oncogenic viruses refrain from developing cancer remain unclear. Deeper insights into this rely on studies highlighting the significant impact of the microbiota, a group of microorganisms that coexist with the host, on the course of viral infections.</p> Conclusion <p>This review examines the role of the vaginal microbiome in the development of oncogenic viral infections, illuminating the complex relationship between viral infections, microbiota, and the risk of cancer development. Effective screening and monitoring strategies should be standardized for vaginal microbial signatures as a biomarker to manage disease progression. These tumour-specific biomarkers may act as checkpoints to develop new therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer treatment.</p>