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<p>Saline and hypersaline shallow lakes in the central-western Pampean Plain (Argentina) develop under sub-humid climate conditions, where potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Although climate sets a common regional framework, the hydrogeomorphological context—defined by lithology, geomorphology, and topography—controls the geohydrological configuration of each system, conditioning the dynamics of water fluxes and, ultimately, the development and functioning of the shallow lakes. This study analyzes two contrasting shallow lake systems: E. El Parque, located in an interdune depression within the Utracán-Argentino transversal valley, and Chasilauquen, situated in a depression carved into the elevated structural plain. Integration of geomorphological and lithological characterization, hydrogeological monitoring, and hydrochemical analysis reveals that each system operates under a distinct hydrogeomorphological configuration. In the transversal valley, dunes act as preferential recharge zones supplying low-salinity groundwater toward the interdune depression, where loessic layers underlying the sandy sediments limit vertical infiltration favoring water accumulation. Salinization is driven primarily by evaporation, and the topographically elevated position makes the system sensitive to water table fluctuations, resulting in a seasonally variable water body without significant evaporite precipitation. In the elevated structural plain, depressions function as persistent discharge zones receiving both groundwater and surface runoff. The lower topographic position ensures continuous water availability, and solute enrichment driven by evaporation and dissolution of evaporitic salts leads to hypersaline conditions with extensive evaporite precipitation. These findings demonstrate that even within a shared climatic setting, hydrogeomorphological controls produce fundamentally different shallow lake behaviors, underscoring the need for integrated approaches in the study and management of these environments.</p>

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Hydrogeomorphological controls on saline and hypersaline shallow lakes in the Pampean Plain (Argentina) under sub-humid conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • R. Acosta,
  • E. Carol,
  • M. P. Alvarez

摘要

Saline and hypersaline shallow lakes in the central-western Pampean Plain (Argentina) develop under sub-humid climate conditions, where potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Although climate sets a common regional framework, the hydrogeomorphological context—defined by lithology, geomorphology, and topography—controls the geohydrological configuration of each system, conditioning the dynamics of water fluxes and, ultimately, the development and functioning of the shallow lakes. This study analyzes two contrasting shallow lake systems: E. El Parque, located in an interdune depression within the Utracán-Argentino transversal valley, and Chasilauquen, situated in a depression carved into the elevated structural plain. Integration of geomorphological and lithological characterization, hydrogeological monitoring, and hydrochemical analysis reveals that each system operates under a distinct hydrogeomorphological configuration. In the transversal valley, dunes act as preferential recharge zones supplying low-salinity groundwater toward the interdune depression, where loessic layers underlying the sandy sediments limit vertical infiltration favoring water accumulation. Salinization is driven primarily by evaporation, and the topographically elevated position makes the system sensitive to water table fluctuations, resulting in a seasonally variable water body without significant evaporite precipitation. In the elevated structural plain, depressions function as persistent discharge zones receiving both groundwater and surface runoff. The lower topographic position ensures continuous water availability, and solute enrichment driven by evaporation and dissolution of evaporitic salts leads to hypersaline conditions with extensive evaporite precipitation. These findings demonstrate that even within a shared climatic setting, hydrogeomorphological controls produce fundamentally different shallow lake behaviors, underscoring the need for integrated approaches in the study and management of these environments.