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<p>This study evaluated the water quality of lentic ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean River Basin during autumn and spring by integrating phytoplankton community structure, physicochemical parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. Significant seasonal differences were observed in temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen (Kruskal–Wallis, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, and total organic carbon were identified as the primary drivers of phytoplankton distribution, jointly explaining 57.7% of the community variation in Redundancy Analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). High turbidity (&gt; 100 NTU) and suspended solids (&gt; 75&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>) strongly suppressed phytoplankton abundance in the shallow coastal Akgöl Lake, whereas low turbidity conditions supported maximum abundance (5572 cells mL<sup>−1</sup>) in Gezende Dam Lake. Spearman correlation analysis showed that abiotic indices (Trophic State Index, Trophic Level Index, and Water Quality Index) were strongly associated with chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Biotic indices, particularly the Trophic Diatom Index and Median Pollution Tolerance Index, exhibited the strongest relationships with environmental variables (r &gt; 0.7), with ammonium influencing all indices. Overall, the results indicate that dominant environmental drivers vary among lake types, with physical stressors prevailing in shallow coastal systems such as Akgöl, while nutrient and organic enrichment play a greater role in inland reservoirs. These findings demonstrate that phytoplankton structure is governed by lake-specific interactions of physical and chemical factors rather than by a single controlling variable.</p>

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Water quality assessment of lentic ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean River basin using multivariate and biological approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Faruk Maraşlioğlu,
  • Tolga Coşkun,
  • Nazmi Kağnicioğlu,
  • Fatih Ekmekçi

摘要

This study evaluated the water quality of lentic ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean River Basin during autumn and spring by integrating phytoplankton community structure, physicochemical parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. Significant seasonal differences were observed in temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.01). Turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, and total organic carbon were identified as the primary drivers of phytoplankton distribution, jointly explaining 57.7% of the community variation in Redundancy Analysis (p < 0.05). High turbidity (> 100 NTU) and suspended solids (> 75 mg L−1) strongly suppressed phytoplankton abundance in the shallow coastal Akgöl Lake, whereas low turbidity conditions supported maximum abundance (5572 cells mL−1) in Gezende Dam Lake. Spearman correlation analysis showed that abiotic indices (Trophic State Index, Trophic Level Index, and Water Quality Index) were strongly associated with chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen (p < 0.01). Biotic indices, particularly the Trophic Diatom Index and Median Pollution Tolerance Index, exhibited the strongest relationships with environmental variables (r > 0.7), with ammonium influencing all indices. Overall, the results indicate that dominant environmental drivers vary among lake types, with physical stressors prevailing in shallow coastal systems such as Akgöl, while nutrient and organic enrichment play a greater role in inland reservoirs. These findings demonstrate that phytoplankton structure is governed by lake-specific interactions of physical and chemical factors rather than by a single controlling variable.