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<p>Ensuring the security of potable water is paramount in swiftly urbanizing areas such as Shantou, where microbial pollution presents considerable health hazards. This research assessed microbial community structures in three potable water storage facilities (S1–S3) and their corresponding water distribution networks (WDS), examining 48 reservoir specimens (water and biofilms) and 16 WDS specimens (tap/shower water and biofilms) gathered from diverse locations. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing unveiled unique microbial profiles, with biofilms containing considerably greater quantities of potentially harmful genera (<i>Legionella, Pseudomonas</i>)—up to 5.2% relative prevalence in WDS biofilms compared to &lt; 0.1% in reservoir water. Heatmap representation and hierarchical grouping validated compositional disparities, emphasizing biofilms as ecological habitats for pathogens. Key operational factors, including diminished chlorine residuals (&lt; 0.1&#xa0;mg/L) and elevated temperatures, exhibited a correlation with increased pathogen identification (<i>Legionella pneumophila</i> in 83% of shower biofilms). These discoveries underscore the necessity for biofilm surveillance in water security measures, enhancing conventional bulk-water evaluations. We advocate for targeted interventions, including fixture maintenance and seasonal disinfection adjustments, to mitigate risks in aging WDS infrastructure.</p>

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Microbial safety in Shantou’s drinking water: evaluating biofilms in reservoirs and water distribution systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Jiayi Li,
  • Ch. Tahir Mehmood,
  • Manwar Saqf Alkheit,
  • Siyang Zhang,
  • Yujian Dong,
  • Huiyu Liu,
  • Eran Friedler,
  • Olivier Habimana

摘要

Ensuring the security of potable water is paramount in swiftly urbanizing areas such as Shantou, where microbial pollution presents considerable health hazards. This research assessed microbial community structures in three potable water storage facilities (S1–S3) and their corresponding water distribution networks (WDS), examining 48 reservoir specimens (water and biofilms) and 16 WDS specimens (tap/shower water and biofilms) gathered from diverse locations. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing unveiled unique microbial profiles, with biofilms containing considerably greater quantities of potentially harmful genera (Legionella, Pseudomonas)—up to 5.2% relative prevalence in WDS biofilms compared to < 0.1% in reservoir water. Heatmap representation and hierarchical grouping validated compositional disparities, emphasizing biofilms as ecological habitats for pathogens. Key operational factors, including diminished chlorine residuals (< 0.1 mg/L) and elevated temperatures, exhibited a correlation with increased pathogen identification (Legionella pneumophila in 83% of shower biofilms). These discoveries underscore the necessity for biofilm surveillance in water security measures, enhancing conventional bulk-water evaluations. We advocate for targeted interventions, including fixture maintenance and seasonal disinfection adjustments, to mitigate risks in aging WDS infrastructure.