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<p>Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a viable alternative to direct river water abstraction and groundwater abstraction, offering the potential to reduce post-treatment costs and mitigate aquifer overexploitation. Therefore, it should be considered in any large-scale water resources management plan for water supply. This study applies a recent quantitative multicriteria methodology, proposed by Hoang et al. (Hydrogeol J 30:1701–1716, 2022), using GIS-based spatial analysis to assess RBF potential along six major rivers in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam. The RRD is a densely populated region, experiencing rapid urbanization, groundwater stress, and increasing demand for drinking water. The methodology consists of three sequential steps, that evaluate: (1) an essential criterion—the hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifer, (2) the quantity criteria—the quantity of water that can be potentially abstracted, and (3) the quality criteria—river and groundwater quality. Additionally, saline groundwater aquifers, and saline surface water boundaries are introduced as a key factor for evaluating RBF feasibility in coastal settings of the RRD. The approach requires the collection of various data types, their transformation into spatial layers, analysis at riverbank level, and strategies to address data gaps, each of which is demonstrated in this work. Results show that out of 797&#xa0;km of rivers analyzed 10.8% (86&#xa0;km) of them are considered suitable for large scheme RBF. The limited extent of suitable zones reflects key hydrogeological constraints, including widespread shallow saline groundwater and weak river aquifer interaction along approximately half of the river network due to a confined Holocene clay layer, which collectively reduces the overall feasibility of RBF in the region. The resulting Site Suitability Index map however serves as a pre-screening tool for decision-makers to identify potential locations for RBF application in the delta. Lessons learned from the application of this methodology can be applied to other regions. Notwithstanding limitations in data constraints at certain areas for certain factors, this work offers valuable preliminary results that can significantly reduce the time and cost required for identifying potential sites for detailed investigation, an essential step in hydrogeological assessment and the design of large-scale RBF systems.</p>

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Application of GIS to identify potential sites for large scale riverbank filtration in the red river delta, Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月23日

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  • Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang,
  • Gustavo Covatti,
  • Trung Tran Dang,
  • Thomas Grischek

摘要

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a viable alternative to direct river water abstraction and groundwater abstraction, offering the potential to reduce post-treatment costs and mitigate aquifer overexploitation. Therefore, it should be considered in any large-scale water resources management plan for water supply. This study applies a recent quantitative multicriteria methodology, proposed by Hoang et al. (Hydrogeol J 30:1701–1716, 2022), using GIS-based spatial analysis to assess RBF potential along six major rivers in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam. The RRD is a densely populated region, experiencing rapid urbanization, groundwater stress, and increasing demand for drinking water. The methodology consists of three sequential steps, that evaluate: (1) an essential criterion—the hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifer, (2) the quantity criteria—the quantity of water that can be potentially abstracted, and (3) the quality criteria—river and groundwater quality. Additionally, saline groundwater aquifers, and saline surface water boundaries are introduced as a key factor for evaluating RBF feasibility in coastal settings of the RRD. The approach requires the collection of various data types, their transformation into spatial layers, analysis at riverbank level, and strategies to address data gaps, each of which is demonstrated in this work. Results show that out of 797 km of rivers analyzed 10.8% (86 km) of them are considered suitable for large scheme RBF. The limited extent of suitable zones reflects key hydrogeological constraints, including widespread shallow saline groundwater and weak river aquifer interaction along approximately half of the river network due to a confined Holocene clay layer, which collectively reduces the overall feasibility of RBF in the region. The resulting Site Suitability Index map however serves as a pre-screening tool for decision-makers to identify potential locations for RBF application in the delta. Lessons learned from the application of this methodology can be applied to other regions. Notwithstanding limitations in data constraints at certain areas for certain factors, this work offers valuable preliminary results that can significantly reduce the time and cost required for identifying potential sites for detailed investigation, an essential step in hydrogeological assessment and the design of large-scale RBF systems.