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<p>To analyze spatiotemporal pollution distribution characteristics in the headwater region and the benefits brought to the region by different management measures, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) combined with basin gradient in the headwater region of the Dong River was established. Based on the sensitivity analysis of model parameters, the SWAT was then calibrated and validated using observed runoff, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) from hydrological stations, with performance evaluated via the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSE).Four measures were tested to assess their effectiveness in improving water quality. SWAT results revealed that runoff and nutrient pollution loads (NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TN, TP) are highly concentrated during the rainy season (March–August). In the Xunwu River sub-basin, these accounted for 64–75% of annual totals, while in the Dingnan River, they accounted for 65–83%. Rainfall showed a strong positive correlation with runoff. Runoff was also highly correlated with NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TN, and TP loads (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Spatially, pollution was relatively light upstream but increased in midstream and downstream areas, correlating with agricultural development and industrial parks. Analysis of management measures found that grassed waterways were most effective for reducing NH<sub>3</sub>-N and TP, while filter strips were best for reducing TN. Fertilizer reduction demonstrated a clear dose–response relationship, where greater implementation correlated with enhanced pollution control efficiency.</p>

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Construction and analysis of a distributed hydrological-water quality model based on basin gradient in the headwater region of the Dong River

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Weiqi Xiao,
  • Yong Ji,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Yuan Hui,
  • Jin Qian,
  • Gaotang Cai,
  • Yin Wang

摘要

To analyze spatiotemporal pollution distribution characteristics in the headwater region and the benefits brought to the region by different management measures, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) combined with basin gradient in the headwater region of the Dong River was established. Based on the sensitivity analysis of model parameters, the SWAT was then calibrated and validated using observed runoff, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from hydrological stations, with performance evaluated via the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSE).Four measures were tested to assess their effectiveness in improving water quality. SWAT results revealed that runoff and nutrient pollution loads (NH3-N, TN, TP) are highly concentrated during the rainy season (March–August). In the Xunwu River sub-basin, these accounted for 64–75% of annual totals, while in the Dingnan River, they accounted for 65–83%. Rainfall showed a strong positive correlation with runoff. Runoff was also highly correlated with NH3-N, TN, and TP loads (p < 0.01). Spatially, pollution was relatively light upstream but increased in midstream and downstream areas, correlating with agricultural development and industrial parks. Analysis of management measures found that grassed waterways were most effective for reducing NH3-N and TP, while filter strips were best for reducing TN. Fertilizer reduction demonstrated a clear dose–response relationship, where greater implementation correlated with enhanced pollution control efficiency.