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<p>Water stress is a growing global challenge, exacerbated by both natural and human-driven stressors. The Awash River Basin in Ethiopia, home to major urban centers and extensive irrigated areas, faces increasing pressures on its water resources. Agriculture uses 83% of the basin’s abstracted water resources with flood irrigation practices leading to quasi-water stresses and competition among users. With irrigated land expected to double in less than a decade, water demand will rise sharply, intensifying competitions for water. Improving irrigation systems and saving water from existing schemes is vital to meet future water demands and address increasing threats of irrigation induced salinity. Irrigation in the Awash Basin is heterogamous, but typologies-based irrigation studies are largely lacking. This study evaluated water-saving potential in the Awash Basin based on typologies by assessing existing irrigation schemes using empirical bio-socio-physical and secondary data. It intended to inform policies on irrigation water management while providing an approach for irrigation systems improvement. Socio-techno-physical criteria for irrigation typology were defined, and five typologies identified, on the basis of which further analysis on water demands and uses, and water saving potentials were evaluated. Findings show that traditional/improved small-scale community irrigation schemes consume 42% of abstracted water followed by large-scale public irrigation schemes (31%); while annual non-beneficial water wasted is about 2.71 BCM Increasing overall irrigation efficiency from&#xa0;40 to 55% through three improvement interventions could reduce annual water use from 4.49 BCM to 3.27 BCM, saving 1.22 BCM of water annually<b>-</b>enough to irrigate an additional 35,000–40,000&#xa0;ha<b>.</b> Irrigation technologies other than flooding, flow measurement, reforming irrigation water fees and setting up water permit system are examples of interventions identified.</p>

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Typologies-based irrigation water savings and improvement strategies in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Zeleke Agide Dejen

摘要

Water stress is a growing global challenge, exacerbated by both natural and human-driven stressors. The Awash River Basin in Ethiopia, home to major urban centers and extensive irrigated areas, faces increasing pressures on its water resources. Agriculture uses 83% of the basin’s abstracted water resources with flood irrigation practices leading to quasi-water stresses and competition among users. With irrigated land expected to double in less than a decade, water demand will rise sharply, intensifying competitions for water. Improving irrigation systems and saving water from existing schemes is vital to meet future water demands and address increasing threats of irrigation induced salinity. Irrigation in the Awash Basin is heterogamous, but typologies-based irrigation studies are largely lacking. This study evaluated water-saving potential in the Awash Basin based on typologies by assessing existing irrigation schemes using empirical bio-socio-physical and secondary data. It intended to inform policies on irrigation water management while providing an approach for irrigation systems improvement. Socio-techno-physical criteria for irrigation typology were defined, and five typologies identified, on the basis of which further analysis on water demands and uses, and water saving potentials were evaluated. Findings show that traditional/improved small-scale community irrigation schemes consume 42% of abstracted water followed by large-scale public irrigation schemes (31%); while annual non-beneficial water wasted is about 2.71 BCM Increasing overall irrigation efficiency from 40 to 55% through three improvement interventions could reduce annual water use from 4.49 BCM to 3.27 BCM, saving 1.22 BCM of water annually-enough to irrigate an additional 35,000–40,000 ha. Irrigation technologies other than flooding, flow measurement, reforming irrigation water fees and setting up water permit system are examples of interventions identified.