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<p>Globally, 71% of earth is covered by water. However, water scarcity is a prevalent problem facing different regions worldwide. Notably, in the arid and semi-arid areas where there are minimal water resources, this has further been exacerbated by the changing climate. Pastoralists, the predominant group in Ewaso Ng’iro South River basin, have been hardest hit, especially over the prolonged drought, incurring substantial livestock losses. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) sites offer a promising approach to effectively collect surface runoff during the rainy season, cushioning communities during prolonged droughts. However, there is a knowledge gap in identifying the optimal locations for setting them up. This study utilised a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process which combines GIS and remote sensing with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP),&#xa0;to determine optimal sites for RWH in Ewaso Ng’iro South River basin, Kenya and northern Tanzania. Five suitability classes within the study area were identified: optimal, highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable areas. Optimal suitable sites increased between 2003 and 2013 from 6.7% to a high of 7.4%, then drastically reduced to a low of 4.2% in the year 2023. On the other hand, the “not suitable” sites increased in size, occupying 10%, 14.8% and 32.8% in the 2003, 2013 and 2023 respectively. The findings revealed areas characterised by flat terrain and water-retentive soil textures are the most favourable locations for potential water harvesting sites. Additionally, the use of this methodology shows an improved accuracy in site suitability location.</p>

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Spatio-temporal assessment of rainwater harvesting sites using geospatial techniques in Ewaso Ng’iro south river basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Paul Mwangi,
  • Arthur W. Sichangi,
  • Moses M. Ngigi

摘要

Globally, 71% of earth is covered by water. However, water scarcity is a prevalent problem facing different regions worldwide. Notably, in the arid and semi-arid areas where there are minimal water resources, this has further been exacerbated by the changing climate. Pastoralists, the predominant group in Ewaso Ng’iro South River basin, have been hardest hit, especially over the prolonged drought, incurring substantial livestock losses. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) sites offer a promising approach to effectively collect surface runoff during the rainy season, cushioning communities during prolonged droughts. However, there is a knowledge gap in identifying the optimal locations for setting them up. This study utilised a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process which combines GIS and remote sensing with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), to determine optimal sites for RWH in Ewaso Ng’iro South River basin, Kenya and northern Tanzania. Five suitability classes within the study area were identified: optimal, highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable areas. Optimal suitable sites increased between 2003 and 2013 from 6.7% to a high of 7.4%, then drastically reduced to a low of 4.2% in the year 2023. On the other hand, the “not suitable” sites increased in size, occupying 10%, 14.8% and 32.8% in the 2003, 2013 and 2023 respectively. The findings revealed areas characterised by flat terrain and water-retentive soil textures are the most favourable locations for potential water harvesting sites. Additionally, the use of this methodology shows an improved accuracy in site suitability location.