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<p>This study examines the static and seismic performance of sandy slopes containing 30% gravel, reinforced with jet-grouted piles, using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Jet-grouted inclusions were simulated with the parallel bond model to capture soil–pile interaction and cementation effects. Static analyses showed significant improvements: crest displacements decreased by 40%, toe displacements by 47%, and vertical settlements by 75%. The maximum pile head deflection was 3&#xa0;cm, while the base experienced a peak shear force of 25 kN and a bending moment of 103 kNm. Under seismic loading, jet grouting effectively reduced large soil movements, with crest and toe displacements decreasing by 52% and 36%, and crest settlement by 38%. Piles reached a maximum lateral deflection of 5&#xa0;cm at the head, accompanied by increased internal forces, with base shear and bending moment of 72 kN and 280 kNm, respectively. Micromechanical analyses confirmed that jet-grouted piles reorganize force chains, induce arching effects, and enhance stress transfer within reinforced zones. Consequently, jet-grouted inclusions substantially enhance slope performance under both static and seismic conditions, effectively controlling displacements and mobilizing internal forces, while demonstrating the practical benefits of this reinforcement approach.</p>

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Reinforcement of Earth Slopes Using Jet-Grouting Piles: A Comprehensive DEM Study Under Static and Seismic Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Hadi Kazemi Taskouh,
  • Hadi Ahmadi,
  • Maghdad Payan,
  • Saman Farzi Sizkow

摘要

This study examines the static and seismic performance of sandy slopes containing 30% gravel, reinforced with jet-grouted piles, using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Jet-grouted inclusions were simulated with the parallel bond model to capture soil–pile interaction and cementation effects. Static analyses showed significant improvements: crest displacements decreased by 40%, toe displacements by 47%, and vertical settlements by 75%. The maximum pile head deflection was 3 cm, while the base experienced a peak shear force of 25 kN and a bending moment of 103 kNm. Under seismic loading, jet grouting effectively reduced large soil movements, with crest and toe displacements decreasing by 52% and 36%, and crest settlement by 38%. Piles reached a maximum lateral deflection of 5 cm at the head, accompanied by increased internal forces, with base shear and bending moment of 72 kN and 280 kNm, respectively. Micromechanical analyses confirmed that jet-grouted piles reorganize force chains, induce arching effects, and enhance stress transfer within reinforced zones. Consequently, jet-grouted inclusions substantially enhance slope performance under both static and seismic conditions, effectively controlling displacements and mobilizing internal forces, while demonstrating the practical benefits of this reinforcement approach.