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<p>A large amount of oil shale residue (OSR) generated during the pyrolysis of oil shale has posed long-term environmental risks. Owing to its low calcium oxide content, this study proposes a new cementitious material system aimed at partially replacing lime in conventional 20% lime-stabilized loess. To this end, OSR was calcined at different temperatures (500&#xa0;°C, 650&#xa0;°C, and 750&#xa0;°C), with the optimal activation condition being determined using the Chapelle activity test. The mechanical properties of the five mix designs were assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and direct shear tests to identify the optimal substitution ratio. Microstructural characterization techniques (FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM, and EDS) and statistical analyses were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Upon thermal treatment, the calcined OSR (hereafter designated as oil shale ash, OSA) exhibits pozzolanic reactivity. Quantitative analysis identifies 750&#xa0;°C as the optimal calcination temperature. The strength of the OSA-lime stabilized loess increases with the OSA content, with the most effective formulation achieved at a lime-to-OSA ratio of 1:3 after 7 days of curing. The introduction of OSA enhanced the degree of interparticle cementation and refined the pore morphology. These findings provide valuable data to support the potential use of this by-product for enhancing lime-stabilized loess.</p>

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Experimental Study on Oil Shale Residue as a Pozzolanic Additive for Enhancing the Conventional Lime Stabilized Loess

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Jidong Mao,
  • Tao Zeng,
  • Wei Shi,
  • Yongtang Yu,
  • Xiaoyong Wang,
  • Yang Li,
  • Jia Zhuang

摘要

A large amount of oil shale residue (OSR) generated during the pyrolysis of oil shale has posed long-term environmental risks. Owing to its low calcium oxide content, this study proposes a new cementitious material system aimed at partially replacing lime in conventional 20% lime-stabilized loess. To this end, OSR was calcined at different temperatures (500 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C), with the optimal activation condition being determined using the Chapelle activity test. The mechanical properties of the five mix designs were assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and direct shear tests to identify the optimal substitution ratio. Microstructural characterization techniques (FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM, and EDS) and statistical analyses were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Upon thermal treatment, the calcined OSR (hereafter designated as oil shale ash, OSA) exhibits pozzolanic reactivity. Quantitative analysis identifies 750 °C as the optimal calcination temperature. The strength of the OSA-lime stabilized loess increases with the OSA content, with the most effective formulation achieved at a lime-to-OSA ratio of 1:3 after 7 days of curing. The introduction of OSA enhanced the degree of interparticle cementation and refined the pore morphology. These findings provide valuable data to support the potential use of this by-product for enhancing lime-stabilized loess.