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<p>This study, for the first time, explores the possibility of reducing the lime consumption demand for stabilizing a high plasticity clay soil using xanthan gum (XG). A total of 24 different mix-designs, covering three lime-to-soil contents and five XG-to-water concentrations, were tested for standard Proctor compaction and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) to assess the individual and combined stabilization effects of lime and XG over time. The UCS of the compacted soil–XG blends exhibited ‘rise–fall’ responses with increasing XG concentration, peaking at 1.5% XG, with all cases mobilizing higher UCS values than the unamended soil. Moreover, extending the curing duration (1–28&#xa0;days) led to notable further improvements in the UCS. Although the soil–XG mix-designs were unable to reproduce the 28-day UCS values of soil–lime blends, they were able to replicate or outperform early-age (≤ 7&#xa0;days of curing) lime stabilization outcomes attained with up to 9% lime. All soil–lime–XG samples followed ‘fall–rise–fall’ UCS trends with increasing XG concentration, with 1.5% XG persisting as the optimum concentration. For the test soil examined, the application of 1.5% XG (applied as the mixing/compaction liquid) in conjunction with lime effectively reduced the 28-day lime consumption demand by at least 50% (e.g., UCS of sample with 3% lime + 1.5% XG &gt; UCS of sample with 6% lime). The optimum soil–XG and soil–lime–XG mix-designs were also investigated for their long-term UCS performance; the beneficial effects of XG stabilization, with and without lime, were strongly preserved over time, with the 28-day UCS for all cases exhibiting notable further improvements after 365&#xa0;days.</p>

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Reducing Lime Consumption Demand for Stabilizing High Plasticity Clay Using Xanthan Gum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Mahdieh Azimi,
  • Mehdi Mirzababaei,
  • Amin Soltani,
  • Mark B. Jaksa

摘要

This study, for the first time, explores the possibility of reducing the lime consumption demand for stabilizing a high plasticity clay soil using xanthan gum (XG). A total of 24 different mix-designs, covering three lime-to-soil contents and five XG-to-water concentrations, were tested for standard Proctor compaction and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) to assess the individual and combined stabilization effects of lime and XG over time. The UCS of the compacted soil–XG blends exhibited ‘rise–fall’ responses with increasing XG concentration, peaking at 1.5% XG, with all cases mobilizing higher UCS values than the unamended soil. Moreover, extending the curing duration (1–28 days) led to notable further improvements in the UCS. Although the soil–XG mix-designs were unable to reproduce the 28-day UCS values of soil–lime blends, they were able to replicate or outperform early-age (≤ 7 days of curing) lime stabilization outcomes attained with up to 9% lime. All soil–lime–XG samples followed ‘fall–rise–fall’ UCS trends with increasing XG concentration, with 1.5% XG persisting as the optimum concentration. For the test soil examined, the application of 1.5% XG (applied as the mixing/compaction liquid) in conjunction with lime effectively reduced the 28-day lime consumption demand by at least 50% (e.g., UCS of sample with 3% lime + 1.5% XG > UCS of sample with 6% lime). The optimum soil–XG and soil–lime–XG mix-designs were also investigated for their long-term UCS performance; the beneficial effects of XG stabilization, with and without lime, were strongly preserved over time, with the 28-day UCS for all cases exhibiting notable further improvements after 365 days.