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<p>This study investigates the reinforcement mechanism of double-layer geogrid-reinforced ballast through a series of single-layer and double-layer pullout tests. The effects of geogrid layers, aperture size, and reinforcement depth were analyzed in detail. A coefficient of double-layer reinforcement effect (<i>η</i>) was introduced to evaluate the capacity of double-layer reinforcement and identify optimal laying depths. Results indicate that the peak pullout resistance at a depth of 300&#xa0;mm is significantly higher than at shallower depths (100&#xa0;mm and 200&#xa0;mm). Additionally, the 65&#xa0;mm aperture geogrid demonstrated a 33–44% increase in pullout resistance compared to the 32&#xa0;mm aperture geogrid. The pullout resistance of double-layer geogrids surpassed the combined resistances of two single-layer geogrids, with the synergistic interlocking zone enhancing resistance. The combination of geogrids at depths of 200–300&#xa0;mm with a 65&#xa0;mm aperture produced the highest synergistic interlocking, achieving an <i>η</i> value of 1.28. Additionally, single-layer pullout within double-layer layout tests confirmed the mutual effect between adjacent geogrids, which was inversely correlated with the spacing of layers. The research findings provide valuable insights for the practical implementation of double-layer geogrid-reinforced ballast schemes in railway engineering.</p>

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Optimizing Ballast Reinforcement: Comparative Analysis of Single and Double-Layer Geogrid Configurations Through Pullout Tests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Cheng Chen,
  • Xiao-dong Lin,
  • Glenn McDowell,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Rui Rui,
  • Yong-da Duan

摘要

This study investigates the reinforcement mechanism of double-layer geogrid-reinforced ballast through a series of single-layer and double-layer pullout tests. The effects of geogrid layers, aperture size, and reinforcement depth were analyzed in detail. A coefficient of double-layer reinforcement effect (η) was introduced to evaluate the capacity of double-layer reinforcement and identify optimal laying depths. Results indicate that the peak pullout resistance at a depth of 300 mm is significantly higher than at shallower depths (100 mm and 200 mm). Additionally, the 65 mm aperture geogrid demonstrated a 33–44% increase in pullout resistance compared to the 32 mm aperture geogrid. The pullout resistance of double-layer geogrids surpassed the combined resistances of two single-layer geogrids, with the synergistic interlocking zone enhancing resistance. The combination of geogrids at depths of 200–300 mm with a 65 mm aperture produced the highest synergistic interlocking, achieving an η value of 1.28. Additionally, single-layer pullout within double-layer layout tests confirmed the mutual effect between adjacent geogrids, which was inversely correlated with the spacing of layers. The research findings provide valuable insights for the practical implementation of double-layer geogrid-reinforced ballast schemes in railway engineering.