<p>Wrong-way driving (WWD) and related crashes have been studied in the regions where WWD is rare. Despite being prevalent and a safety concern in India, detailed field investigations of WWD are limited. Using six years of WWD-related crash data, this study identified high-risk road sections in Vellore, Tamil Nadu and then performed a detailed field investigation along these sections. The study classified the sites into four distinct road configuration scenarios to examine how road design, access conditions and traffic operations influence WWD behaviour. The study documented and classified common WWD manoeuvres, entry points, travel paths, and conflict situations. Most WWD movements were intentional and primarily involved motorized two- and three-wheelers. Drivers often chose the wrong direction to save travel distance. The absence of proper signs, pavement markings, and enforcement made this behaviour common among the drivers. Many drivers were unaware of or disregarded one-way restrictions, and even authorities informally permitted bidirectional flow on service roads. Conflicts with regular traffic arose when wrong-way vehicles encroached on the carriageway due to narrow or obstructed shoulders. Additional risks stemmed from higher speed, overtaking within WWD traffic, poor lighting, glare, and sight obstructions. While emphasizing basic signs, speed control and visibility improvements, the study proposes scenario-specific signs and pavement markings to discourage WWD and alert regular drivers. It further recommends coordinated efforts from police, driving schools and communities to raise awareness and strengthen enforcement. The study highlights the need for India-specific engineering interventions to mitigate WWD risk, ultimately contributing to safer road environments.</p>