Background <p>Bone Tissue Engineering focuses on developing biomaterials and regenerative strategies to repair bone defects and restore function. Maintaining bone homeostasis and supporting remodeling remain key challenges. Recently, 3D bioprinting has emerged as an advanced regenerative approach that enables the fabrication of structurally controlled scaffolds and tissue constructs, overcoming several limitations associated with conventional scaffold fabrication methods such as lyophilization and solvent casting.</p> Methods <p>This review analyzes and synthesizes published literature on 3D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering, with emphasis on printing methodologies, polymeric biomaterials, scaffold design parameters and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in bone regeneration.</p> Results <p>Evidence indicates that 3D bioprinting provides superior control over scaffold geometry, pore size, and spatial architecture compared to traditional techniques. A wide range of natural and synthetic polymers have been successfully utilized to produce bio-printed scaffolds that enhance cell attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Functionalization strategies and material combinations further improve mechanical strength and biological performance for targeted bone repair.</p> Conclusion <p>3D bioprinting represents a promising platform for next-generation bone regeneration by enabling precise, customizable scaffold fabrication. Advances in polymer selection, bio-ink formulation and printing technologies are expected to accelerate clinical translation and expand therapeutic applications in bone tissue engineering.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p> Lay Summary with Future Directions <p>Bone injuries and defects often require advanced support beyond the body’s natural healing capacity and bone tissue engineering addresses this need using artificial scaffolds to promote regeneration. Among emerging approaches, 3D bioprinting enables the creation of highly precise, three-dimensional scaffolds using natural and synthetic polymers that support cell growth and tissue repair. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, it provides better control over structure, pore architecture and mechanical performance. This review summarizes current 3D bioprinting methods, polymeric materials and scaffold design strategies used for bone regeneration and highlights their clinical relevance. Future research should focus on developing stronger, more bioactive bio-inks and integrating cells, growth factors and therapeutic molecules. Standardized printing and evaluation protocols are needed to improve reproducibility. Long-term in vivo validation and personalized scaffold design will be important next steps. These advances will support the clinical translation of 3D bioprinted scaffolds for bone repair.</p>