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Abstract <p>The development of sustainable nanomaterials using plant-derived resources has gained increasing attention for biomedical and regenerative applications due to their environmental compatibility and inherent bioactivity. This study aims to synthesize and characterize metal-based nanoparticles derived from <i>Centella asiatica</i> stem fibers through a green, phytochemical-mediated approach and to evaluate their antibacterial and regenerative potential. Nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous <i>Centella asiatica</i> fiber extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, avoiding hazardous chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of a crystalline metal oxide phase with a crystallinity index of 75.1% and an average crystallite size of 33.5&#xa0;nm. FTIR analysis revealed hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine functional groups, indicating effective phytochemical capping and stabilization. TGA demonstrated a two-step thermal degradation behavior with major weight losses at 328.81&#xa0;°C and 674.91&#xa0;°C and a high residual mass of 68.4%, reflecting excellent thermal stability. SEM images showed irregular, agglomerated nanostructures with surface roughness favorable for biological interactions, while EDX confirmed the presence of carbon, copper, zinc, and oxygen. The nanoparticles exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, achieving an inhibition zone of 37 ± 1.0&#xa0;mm at 100&#xa0;µg concentration, along with effective biofilm disruption evidenced by CLSM. Overall, the environmentally benign synthesis combined with strong antibacterial and thermally stable characteristics highlights the potential of <i>Centella asiatica</i> fiber-derived nanoparticles for regenerative medicine, antimicrobial coatings, and wound-healing applications.</p> Lay Summary <p>This study developed eco-friendly nanoparticles using fibers from the Centella asiatica plant, known for its medicinal properties. By avoiding harmful chemicals, researchers used plant extracts to create metal-based nanoparticles with strong antibacterial activity, especially against E. coli. Advanced tools confirmed their stable structure, heat resistance, and biological effectiveness. These particles also disrupted bacterial biofilms, which are often difficult to treat. Due to their strong performance and sustainable production, these nanoparticles show promise for use in wound dressings, antimicrobial coatings, and tissue repair. This green approach aligns with environmental goals while offering practical, affordable solutions for healthcare applications.</p> Future Work <p>Future research will focus on in vivo biocompatibility testing, long-term cytotoxicity assessments, and integration of these nanoparticles into composite scaffolds or hydrogel-based delivery systems. Scaling up production and evaluating their performance in real-time wound healing and regenerative models will further validate their potential for clinical and industrial applications.</p>

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Phytochemical-Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO–CuO Nanoparticles from Centella asiatica Stem Fibers: Structural, Thermal, and Antibacterial Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Palanivendhan Murugadoss,
  • Deepak Kohli,
  • P S Raghavendra Rao,
  • Ashwini Kumar,
  • T Aravinda,
  • Sasanka Choudhury,
  • K Kamakshi Priya

摘要

Abstract

The development of sustainable nanomaterials using plant-derived resources has gained increasing attention for biomedical and regenerative applications due to their environmental compatibility and inherent bioactivity. This study aims to synthesize and characterize metal-based nanoparticles derived from Centella asiatica stem fibers through a green, phytochemical-mediated approach and to evaluate their antibacterial and regenerative potential. Nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous Centella asiatica fiber extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, avoiding hazardous chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of a crystalline metal oxide phase with a crystallinity index of 75.1% and an average crystallite size of 33.5 nm. FTIR analysis revealed hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine functional groups, indicating effective phytochemical capping and stabilization. TGA demonstrated a two-step thermal degradation behavior with major weight losses at 328.81 °C and 674.91 °C and a high residual mass of 68.4%, reflecting excellent thermal stability. SEM images showed irregular, agglomerated nanostructures with surface roughness favorable for biological interactions, while EDX confirmed the presence of carbon, copper, zinc, and oxygen. The nanoparticles exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, achieving an inhibition zone of 37 ± 1.0 mm at 100 µg concentration, along with effective biofilm disruption evidenced by CLSM. Overall, the environmentally benign synthesis combined with strong antibacterial and thermally stable characteristics highlights the potential of Centella asiatica fiber-derived nanoparticles for regenerative medicine, antimicrobial coatings, and wound-healing applications.

Lay Summary

This study developed eco-friendly nanoparticles using fibers from the Centella asiatica plant, known for its medicinal properties. By avoiding harmful chemicals, researchers used plant extracts to create metal-based nanoparticles with strong antibacterial activity, especially against E. coli. Advanced tools confirmed their stable structure, heat resistance, and biological effectiveness. These particles also disrupted bacterial biofilms, which are often difficult to treat. Due to their strong performance and sustainable production, these nanoparticles show promise for use in wound dressings, antimicrobial coatings, and tissue repair. This green approach aligns with environmental goals while offering practical, affordable solutions for healthcare applications.

Future Work

Future research will focus on in vivo biocompatibility testing, long-term cytotoxicity assessments, and integration of these nanoparticles into composite scaffolds or hydrogel-based delivery systems. Scaling up production and evaluating their performance in real-time wound healing and regenerative models will further validate their potential for clinical and industrial applications.