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Objective <p>Bioactive materials with multicomponent functional moieties is gaining significant attention for use as primary tooth obturating materials. This study aims to evaluate the effect of eugenol (EUG)-based nanocomposites containing zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), chitosan nanoparticles (nCH), and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) as primary tooth obturating materials by evaluating its antibacterial, antioxidant, and remineralization properties through reduction of toxicity and inflammation.</p> Methods <p>EUG-based nanocomposites were prepared and these nanocomposites were characterised using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. Also, stability was evaluated in artificial saliva, and acid neutralization, swelling, and degradation studies were also conducted. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated and antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging ability. HR-SEM analysis was carried out to understand the remineralization effect of nanocomposites on caries-free exfoliated teeth. MTT assay was carried out and clinical trials included 31 children with pulpitis for each group, and salivary nitric oxide levels were measured pre- and post-treatment to analyse the effect of nanocomposites in reducing inflammation.</p> Results <p>Nanocomposites (nZnO + nCH + nHAP + EUG) showed increased antibacterial activity, with 74.49% inhibition against&#xa0;<i>S. aureus</i>&#xa0;along with biofilm disruption. Remineralization was observed as determined by HR-SEM analysis while in clinical studies, NO levels significantly decreased, indicating reduced inflammation.</p> Conclusions <p>EUG-based nanocomposites, incorporating nZnO, nCH, and nHAP, is a promising antibacterial, antioxidant dental materials with remineralization effects. However, radiographic analysis can confirm its use in primary tooth obturation.</p> Lay summary <p>Eugenol based nanocomposites designed with a biomimetic approach can serve as alternatives to traditional obturating materials in paediatric dentistry through improving treatment outcomes.</p>

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Comparative Evaluation of Eugenol-Based Chitosan Nanocomposites as Primary Tooth Obturating Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Daya Srinivasan,
  • Akshara Suresh,
  • Shoba Narayan

摘要

Objective

Bioactive materials with multicomponent functional moieties is gaining significant attention for use as primary tooth obturating materials. This study aims to evaluate the effect of eugenol (EUG)-based nanocomposites containing zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), chitosan nanoparticles (nCH), and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) as primary tooth obturating materials by evaluating its antibacterial, antioxidant, and remineralization properties through reduction of toxicity and inflammation.

Methods

EUG-based nanocomposites were prepared and these nanocomposites were characterised using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. Also, stability was evaluated in artificial saliva, and acid neutralization, swelling, and degradation studies were also conducted. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated and antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging ability. HR-SEM analysis was carried out to understand the remineralization effect of nanocomposites on caries-free exfoliated teeth. MTT assay was carried out and clinical trials included 31 children with pulpitis for each group, and salivary nitric oxide levels were measured pre- and post-treatment to analyse the effect of nanocomposites in reducing inflammation.

Results

Nanocomposites (nZnO + nCH + nHAP + EUG) showed increased antibacterial activity, with 74.49% inhibition against S. aureus along with biofilm disruption. Remineralization was observed as determined by HR-SEM analysis while in clinical studies, NO levels significantly decreased, indicating reduced inflammation.

Conclusions

EUG-based nanocomposites, incorporating nZnO, nCH, and nHAP, is a promising antibacterial, antioxidant dental materials with remineralization effects. However, radiographic analysis can confirm its use in primary tooth obturation.

Lay summary

Eugenol based nanocomposites designed with a biomimetic approach can serve as alternatives to traditional obturating materials in paediatric dentistry through improving treatment outcomes.