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Abstract <p>Wound healing is still a major clinical issue, especially for non-healing and chronic wounds. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, promoted by recent advances in tissue engineering, has become a game-changer in regenerative medicine. The technology allows layer-by-layer printing of bioinks made from hydrogels, cells, and therapeutic factors with high accuracy, making biomimetic skin constructs possible. These bioprinted scaffolds, apart from providing structural support and biological functionality, also trigger tissue regeneration, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis without exerting any cytotoxicity. The improvement in bioink formulation which includes natural polymer blends that enhance print fidelity and biocompatibility, improving scaffold stability, removed the need for extreme crosslinking method. Development of the new bioprinting technologies enable the printing at the sites of injury leading to rapid and customized therapy. Through immunomodulation and paracrine signaling, the co-cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cells in bioinks also facilitates healing. Preclinical models demonstrate accelerated re-epithelialization, vascularization, and restoration of skin functions, and early clinical trials reveal promising results in burn and chronic ulcer healing. Smart biomaterials that release antibacterial and anti-inflammatory medications and multi-layer dressings incorporated with biosensors for real-time monitoring are some instances of subtle applications. Despite these advances, limitations in immunological compatibility, mechanical stability, vascularization of thick tissues, and regulatory affairs continue to exist.</p> Lay Summary <p>Chronic and non-healing wounds represent a persistent clinical challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a transformative approach in regenerative medicine by enabling precise fabrication of skin-like constructs using hydrogels, living cells, and bioactive molecules. These bioprinted scaffolds provide both structural support and biological cues, facilitating cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration without cytotoxic effects. Improvements in bioink formulations have enhanced stability and biocompatibility, while stem cell incorporation further accelerates repair. Early preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate promising outcomes in burns and chronic ulcers, positioning 3D bioprinting as a significant advancement in wound management.</p>

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Recent Progress in 3D Bioprinting of Biomaterials for Wound Healing Applications: A Comprehensive Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Gobinath Vellalapalayam Manoharan,
  • Parthasarathy Vellaichamy,
  • Nagarajan Deivanayagam Pillai,
  • Jayakumar Sadagopan

摘要

Abstract

Wound healing is still a major clinical issue, especially for non-healing and chronic wounds. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, promoted by recent advances in tissue engineering, has become a game-changer in regenerative medicine. The technology allows layer-by-layer printing of bioinks made from hydrogels, cells, and therapeutic factors with high accuracy, making biomimetic skin constructs possible. These bioprinted scaffolds, apart from providing structural support and biological functionality, also trigger tissue regeneration, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis without exerting any cytotoxicity. The improvement in bioink formulation which includes natural polymer blends that enhance print fidelity and biocompatibility, improving scaffold stability, removed the need for extreme crosslinking method. Development of the new bioprinting technologies enable the printing at the sites of injury leading to rapid and customized therapy. Through immunomodulation and paracrine signaling, the co-cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cells in bioinks also facilitates healing. Preclinical models demonstrate accelerated re-epithelialization, vascularization, and restoration of skin functions, and early clinical trials reveal promising results in burn and chronic ulcer healing. Smart biomaterials that release antibacterial and anti-inflammatory medications and multi-layer dressings incorporated with biosensors for real-time monitoring are some instances of subtle applications. Despite these advances, limitations in immunological compatibility, mechanical stability, vascularization of thick tissues, and regulatory affairs continue to exist.

Lay Summary

Chronic and non-healing wounds represent a persistent clinical challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a transformative approach in regenerative medicine by enabling precise fabrication of skin-like constructs using hydrogels, living cells, and bioactive molecules. These bioprinted scaffolds provide both structural support and biological cues, facilitating cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration without cytotoxic effects. Improvements in bioink formulations have enhanced stability and biocompatibility, while stem cell incorporation further accelerates repair. Early preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate promising outcomes in burns and chronic ulcers, positioning 3D bioprinting as a significant advancement in wound management.