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Abstract <p>3D bioprinting represents a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical engineering, offering unprecedented precision in replicating complex biological systems and human organs. This technology utilizes bioinks composed of living cells, biomaterials, and growth factors to construct functional three-dimensional tissues. Unlike traditional tissue engineering approaches that rely on prefabricated scaffolds, 3D bioprinting enables enhanced spatial organization, reproducibility, and automation in tissue fabrication. It also allows the creation of multifunctional, biomimetic scaffolds with uniform cell distribution, which is essential for effective tissue regeneration. Optimal pore size in scaffolds is critical, particularly for bone tissue engineering, where pore sizes between 200 and 400&#xa0;μm facilitate vascularization and osteogenesis. The scaffold degradation rate must also be synchronized with new tissue formation to prevent inflammation and ensure successful integration. This review highlights recent advancements in 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for tissue regeneration and explores the design and fabrication of cell-laden constructs. Key topics discussed include bioink formulation, vascularization strategies, organ bioprinting techniques, and the bioethical and clinical challenges associated with their application. Future perspectives and translational hurdles in clinical settings are also addressed.</p> Lay Summary <p>This review outlines the fundamentals and significance of 3D bioprinting in biomedical engineering, emphasizing its advantages over conventional tissue engineering approaches through precise spatial control and the use of cell-laden bioinks. It summarizes key scaffold design considerations such as optimal pore size, controlled degradation, and uniform cell distribution, particularly for bone tissue regeneration. Recent advancements in bioprinted, biomimetic scaffolds are discussed alongside major focus areas including bioink formulation, vascularization strategies, and organ bioprinting techniques. The review also addresses bioethical, clinical, and translational challenges, concluding with future perspectives for clinical implementation.</p>

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Revolutionizing Tissue Engineering: Advances and Challenges in 3D Bioprinting for Regenerative Medicine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Gobinath Manoharan,
  • Parthasarathy Vellaichamy,
  • Naresh Babu Munuswamy,
  • Ganesan Subbiah,
  • Kamakshi Priya K,
  • J. Jasmine Hephzipah

摘要

Abstract

3D bioprinting represents a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical engineering, offering unprecedented precision in replicating complex biological systems and human organs. This technology utilizes bioinks composed of living cells, biomaterials, and growth factors to construct functional three-dimensional tissues. Unlike traditional tissue engineering approaches that rely on prefabricated scaffolds, 3D bioprinting enables enhanced spatial organization, reproducibility, and automation in tissue fabrication. It also allows the creation of multifunctional, biomimetic scaffolds with uniform cell distribution, which is essential for effective tissue regeneration. Optimal pore size in scaffolds is critical, particularly for bone tissue engineering, where pore sizes between 200 and 400 μm facilitate vascularization and osteogenesis. The scaffold degradation rate must also be synchronized with new tissue formation to prevent inflammation and ensure successful integration. This review highlights recent advancements in 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for tissue regeneration and explores the design and fabrication of cell-laden constructs. Key topics discussed include bioink formulation, vascularization strategies, organ bioprinting techniques, and the bioethical and clinical challenges associated with their application. Future perspectives and translational hurdles in clinical settings are also addressed.

Lay Summary

This review outlines the fundamentals and significance of 3D bioprinting in biomedical engineering, emphasizing its advantages over conventional tissue engineering approaches through precise spatial control and the use of cell-laden bioinks. It summarizes key scaffold design considerations such as optimal pore size, controlled degradation, and uniform cell distribution, particularly for bone tissue regeneration. Recent advancements in bioprinted, biomimetic scaffolds are discussed alongside major focus areas including bioink formulation, vascularization strategies, and organ bioprinting techniques. The review also addresses bioethical, clinical, and translational challenges, concluding with future perspectives for clinical implementation.