Abstract <p>Bone injuries and defects resulting from trauma, surgical resection, degenerative disease, and congenital malformation are major healthcare burdens for statistical escalation of orthopaedic surgeries and treatments. The traditional treatments, however, have several drawbacks, including the likelihood of infection and rejection. In this regard, bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds immense potential in meeting the escalating demands for treating critical bone injuries and defects, without incurring prevalent complications associated with traditional autologous or allogeneic bone scaffolds (grafts). Three-dimensional (3D) printed degradable composite bone scaffolds on the other hand offers a therapeutically appealing strategy for bone replacement in damaged or fractured areas. These scaffolds rely on the concept of BTE and facilitate expedited bone repair and growth. A paradigm shift in the field of rehabilitation and damage repair has therefore taken place in the last decade. To this end, this article reviews the current state of the art and advances in the field of tissue engineered bone scaffolds and their fabrication. The first part of the review discusses about bone ultra-microstructure and composition. The following section provides an overview of ideal properties required for artificial bio-mimicked bone scaffolds. This article also examines the fundamental challenges of selecting appropriate conventional, 3D printing and hybrid approaches to develop a 3D-architecture of bone scaffolds, and their biological performance toward addressing ongoing research attempts, the challenges and their relevance to clinical translation. The article finally concludes with the future perspectives and emerging trends in biomaterials towards achieving bioinspired strategy for bone tissue repair and regeneration in biomedical domain.</p> Lay Summary <p>Bone defects arising from trauma, joint disorders, hip fractures, an increasing incidence of spinal deformities, and metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia remain a major clinical challenge, particularly in patients with road-traffic–related orthopedic injuries. Conventional bone grafting strategies are further constrained by risks of infection and immune rejection, as well as the limited availability of suitable donor tissue. To address these issues, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising strategy for effective bone repair and regeneration. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have enabled the design of degradable, composite bone scaffolds that closely mimic the hierarchical structure and composition of natural bone, allowing for better integration and faster healing. However, conventional fabrication techniques lack control over scaffold architecture, while additive manufacturing faces challenges in material compatibility and processing conditions. Consequently, hybrid fabrication approaches that combine both conventional and 3D printing techniques are gaining attention for their ability to produce customizable, biocompatible scaffolds with controlled porosity and composition. This review highlights the evolution, current trends, and prospects of bioinspired bone scaffolds, emphasizing the critical role of material design, fabrication strategies, and functional properties in advancing next-generation bone tissue engineering solutions.</p>