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<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 670,000 people died from breast cancer globally in 2022. Breast cancer primarily affects women after adolescence, with increasing prevalence as age advances. Conventional chemotherapy, though commonly used, has limitations including poor solubility, short drug half-life, systemic toxicity, and severe side effects. This review explores the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as an advanced drug delivery system to overcome the challenges associated with conventional breast cancer treatments. A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted to assess the composition, formulation strategies, characterization parameters (particle size, surface charge, crystallinity, encapsulation efficiency, stability, drug release, and biocompatibility), and therapeutic efficacy of NLCs in breast cancer management. NLCs, developed by combining solid and liquid lipids, offer improved drug loading, sustained release, targeted delivery, and reduced side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Various studies demonstrate their superior performance in enhancing drug bioavailability, minimizing toxicity, and enabling site-specific drug delivery for breast cancer treatment. NLCs represent a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy for breast cancer. Their customizable design, biocompatibility, and controlled-release capabilities position them as a valuable tool for advancing breast cancer therapeutics and research. Moreover, integrating NLC-based strategies with advanced preclinical models, including tumor-on-a-chip platforms, patient-derived organoids, and imaging-guided evaluation, can accelerate translational studies and facilitate personalized, clinically relevant breast cancer therapies.</p><p>Lay Summary:</p><p>Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women around the world. Although treatments like chemotherapy exist, they often come with side effects like hair loss, fatigue, and organ damage. These side effects happen because traditional chemotherapy cannot target cancer cells precisely, so healthy cells get affected too. Scientists are finding new ways to deliver cancer drugs with greater accuracy and precision to address this. One promising approach is nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid-based particles that can safely and directly deliver medicine to cancer cells. This paper focuses on how NLCs are designed, how they work, and how they can be used in breast cancer treatment. These carriers are made from lipids and are small enough to pass through the bloodstream, evade the body’s defenses, and deliver the drug directly to the tumor site, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The paper explains how different types of NLCs are made using advanced techniques and how they are optimized to carry more medicine, stay stable in the body, and release drugs slowly and effectively. Various chemotherapy drugs like tamoxifen, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and methotrexate have been successfully loaded into NLCs, improving their effectiveness while reducing unwanted side effects. Several studies show that these NLC-based treatments increase drug absorption, kill more cancer cells, and even overcome drug resistance, a significant hurdle in cancer therapy. Some NLCs are also designed to deliver multiple drugs simultaneously or work with imaging agents for better diagnosis. In short, this review highlights that NLCs are not just a futuristic concept; they are already making cancer treatments safer, more innovative, and more effective. While more research is still needed, especially in human trials, NLCs offer a hopeful path forward for improving the lives of breast cancer patients.</p>

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Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLCs): Next Generation Lipid Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Muneeb Ur Rahman,
  • Samia Kausar,
  • Sana Razzaqe,
  • Shumaila Arshad,
  • Afifa Shafqat,
  • Hannan Sadiq,
  • Alia Erum,
  • Ahmed Raza Hashmi,
  • Ayesha Shamim,
  • Nayab Tahir,
  • Mulazim Hussain Asim

摘要

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 670,000 people died from breast cancer globally in 2022. Breast cancer primarily affects women after adolescence, with increasing prevalence as age advances. Conventional chemotherapy, though commonly used, has limitations including poor solubility, short drug half-life, systemic toxicity, and severe side effects. This review explores the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as an advanced drug delivery system to overcome the challenges associated with conventional breast cancer treatments. A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted to assess the composition, formulation strategies, characterization parameters (particle size, surface charge, crystallinity, encapsulation efficiency, stability, drug release, and biocompatibility), and therapeutic efficacy of NLCs in breast cancer management. NLCs, developed by combining solid and liquid lipids, offer improved drug loading, sustained release, targeted delivery, and reduced side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Various studies demonstrate their superior performance in enhancing drug bioavailability, minimizing toxicity, and enabling site-specific drug delivery for breast cancer treatment. NLCs represent a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy for breast cancer. Their customizable design, biocompatibility, and controlled-release capabilities position them as a valuable tool for advancing breast cancer therapeutics and research. Moreover, integrating NLC-based strategies with advanced preclinical models, including tumor-on-a-chip platforms, patient-derived organoids, and imaging-guided evaluation, can accelerate translational studies and facilitate personalized, clinically relevant breast cancer therapies.

Lay Summary:

Breast cancer continues to affect millions of women around the world. Although treatments like chemotherapy exist, they often come with side effects like hair loss, fatigue, and organ damage. These side effects happen because traditional chemotherapy cannot target cancer cells precisely, so healthy cells get affected too. Scientists are finding new ways to deliver cancer drugs with greater accuracy and precision to address this. One promising approach is nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid-based particles that can safely and directly deliver medicine to cancer cells. This paper focuses on how NLCs are designed, how they work, and how they can be used in breast cancer treatment. These carriers are made from lipids and are small enough to pass through the bloodstream, evade the body’s defenses, and deliver the drug directly to the tumor site, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The paper explains how different types of NLCs are made using advanced techniques and how they are optimized to carry more medicine, stay stable in the body, and release drugs slowly and effectively. Various chemotherapy drugs like tamoxifen, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and methotrexate have been successfully loaded into NLCs, improving their effectiveness while reducing unwanted side effects. Several studies show that these NLC-based treatments increase drug absorption, kill more cancer cells, and even overcome drug resistance, a significant hurdle in cancer therapy. Some NLCs are also designed to deliver multiple drugs simultaneously or work with imaging agents for better diagnosis. In short, this review highlights that NLCs are not just a futuristic concept; they are already making cancer treatments safer, more innovative, and more effective. While more research is still needed, especially in human trials, NLCs offer a hopeful path forward for improving the lives of breast cancer patients.